Health And Hygiene Notes 6th Science Lesson 6 Notes in English

6th Science Lesson 6 Notes in English

6] Health And Hygiene

Introduction

• The word “health” refers to a state of complete emotional and physical well-being. Healthcare exists to help people maintain this optimal state of health.
• As defined by World Health Organization (WHO), it is a “State of complete physical, mental, and social well being, and not merely the absence of disease or infirmity.
• “Health is a dynamic condition resulting from a body’s constant adjustment and adaptation in response to stresses and changes in the environment for maintaining an inner equilibrium called homeostasis.
• Hygiene is a science of the establishment and maintenance of health conditions or practices (as of cleanliness) conducive to health has poor personal hygiene.

Components of Food

• The Chemical constituents of food which give us energy, help to build our body and protect us from diseases are called Nutrients.

1. Carbohydrate

2. Proteins

3. Fats

4. Vitamins

5. Minerals

6. Water.

Carbohydrates

• Carbohydrates are energy giving component of the food.

• We can obtain carbohydrates in the form of Sugar, starch and dietary fibres

Fats

• Fat is also an energy-giving food and provides more energy than Carbohydrates.
• Some important sources of fats are butter, ghee, milk, cheese, paneer, nuts, meat, fish, egg yolk etc. Apart from giving energy, they insulate our body and protect the cells.

PROTEIN

Body Building Foods

• Proteins are necessary for our growth and repair, as well as for regulating various body functions such as digestion.
• The sources of proteins are pulses, eggs, fish, milk, chicken, soya bean, nut, grams etc, Proteins are body building foods.

Vitamins

• Vitamins are required for carrying out various biochemical reactions in our body.
• Fruits, vegetables, grains, meat products are good sources of vitamins. Vitamins are called as protective food.
• There are six major vitamins A, B, C, D, E and K. Vitamins B and Vitamins C are water soluble, Vitamins A, D, E and K are fat soluble.

Minerals

• Minerals are required for growth as well as for the regulation of normal body function.
• Green leafy vegetables like spinach, pulses, eggs, milk, fish and fruits are important sources of minerals in our diet. Minerals are also protective foods.

• Water Our body needs an adequate supply of water is order to maintain good health. Any human being should take minimum eight tumblers (2 Litres) of water every day.

Health

• Health is a state of complete physical, mental and social well-being and not merely absence of diseases.
• Eating a healthy diet keeps you physically and mentally fit. When you are physically healthy, you feel confident you are more outgoing and have a greater capacity for enjoying life.
• Unhealthy food choices lead to obesity and illness, preventing you from socializing with friends and family. So choose your diet carefully.

Balanced Diet

• A diet should contain adequate amount of all the necessary nutrients required for healthy growth and activity.

• An increased capacity to work
• Good physical and mental health
• Increased capacity to resist diseases.
• Help in proper growth of the body.

A balanced diet contains sufficient amount of various nutrients to ensure good health. Food should also provide the appropriate amount of energy and adequate amount of water.

Malnutrition

When your diet is not a balanced, what would be the consequences?

Observe the below picture carefully

Do these children look normal?

Guess what would be the reason?

• The children are in this condition due to malnutrition.

Malnutrition:

• Malnutrition occurs when all the nutrients that the body needs are not obtained in the proper proportions from the diet.
• The word malnutrition refers to the conditions that result when a person does not take a balanced diet. Malnutrition leads to deficiency disease.
• The diseases that are caused due to lack of Nutrients in the diet are called Deficiency Diseases.

Protein and Mineral Deficiency Diseases

Physical Exercise and Rest

• Physical exercise is any bodily activity that enhances or maintains physical fitness and overall health and wellness. It is performed for various reasons, including
• increase in growth and development,
• strengthening muscles and the cardiovascular system,
• Developing athletic skills, weight loss or maintenance, and enjoyment.
• Physical exercise may help to decrease some of the effects of childhood and adult obesity.

Rest

• Proper amount of rest is essential for physical and mental health. Rest is as important as nutrition and physical activity for growth and development and good health.

Personal Cleanliness

• Hygiene is a set of practices performed to preserve health. According to the World Health Organization (WHO), “Hygiene refers to conditions and practices that help to maintain health and prevent the spread of diseases.”
• Personal hygiene involves those practices performed by an individual to care for one’s bodily health and well being, through cleanliness.
• It includes such personal habit choices as how frequently to bathe, wash hands, trim fingernails, and change clothing. It also includes attention to keep surfaces in the home and workplace, including bathroom facilities, clean and pathogen-free.

Introduction of Microbes

• When you neglect personal hygiene, you are increasing the risk of falling sick.
• Let us name some of the diseases or conditions caused by microorganism due to the negligence of personal hygiene.

1. Diarrhoea

2. Tooth decay

3. Athlete’s foot (Madurai’s foot)

4. Dandruff.

Microbes cannot be seen without the help of a microscope.

Most of the microbes belong to four major groups:

• Bacteria
• Virus
• Protozoa
• Fungi

Bacteria

• Bacteria are very small prokaryotic microorganisms.
• Bacterial cells do not have nucleus and do not usually have membrane bound organelles.
• Bacteria can exist either as independent organisms or as parasites
• They invade tissues
• They produce pus or harmful wastes

Virus

• Virus is an acellular agent that replicates only inside the cells of other living organisms.
• Virus can infect all types of life forms plant, animals and microorganisms. They invade living normal cells and use their cell machinery to multiply. They can kill damage or change the cells and make you sick.

Diseases Caused By Virus

1. Common cold

2. Influenza

3. Hepatitis

4. Polio

5. Smallpox

6. Chicken pox

7. Measles

More to know:

• Soyabean is the highly rich source of protein.
• Sun screen lotion reduces your skin’s ability to produce Vitamin D by up to 95% which may lead to Vitamin D deficiency.
• Gooseberries contains nearly 20 times the vitamin C than Orange.
• Moringa leaves are rich in Vitamin A, Vitamin C, Potassium, Calcium, Iron and Protein. It also contains powerful anti oxidants

• 80% of the world production of Moringa Leaves is in India. The Major countries which import Moringa Leaves are China, US, Germany, Canada, South Korea and European countries.
• India has the second highest number of obese children in the world after China, according to a study that has found that 14.4 million children in the country have excess weight.
• Deep sleep seems to be one of the most critical times for body repair.
• “Early to bed and early to rise make a man healthy, wealthy and wise”
• Benjamin Franklin

Disease

• Disease is a definite pathological process having a characteristic set of signs and symptoms.

Disorder

• Disorder is a derangement or abnormality of function.
• Microscopes help to study the structure of the microorganisms