Diversity of Living World 11th Science Lessons
Diversity of Living World 11th Science Lessons
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Question 1 of 200
1. Question
Earth was formed how many years ago?
Correct
Earth was formed some 4.6 billion years ago. It is the life supporting planet with land forms like mountains, plateaus, glaciers, etc.
Incorrect
Earth was formed some 4.6 billion years ago. It is the life supporting planet with land forms like mountains, plateaus, glaciers, etc.
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Question 2 of 200
2. Question
Life on earth exists within a complex structure called ____
Correct
Life on earth exists within a complex structure called biosphere. There exist many mysteries and wonders in the living world some are not visible but the activity of some captures the attention of all.
Incorrect
Life on earth exists within a complex structure called biosphere. There exist many mysteries and wonders in the living world some are not visible but the activity of some captures the attention of all.
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Question 3 of 200
3. Question
DNA molecule is not made up of which among the following?
Correct
DNA molecule is essential for the regulation of life and is made up of carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, nitrogen and phosphorus. Thus, non-living and living things exist together to make our planet unique.
Incorrect
DNA molecule is essential for the regulation of life and is made up of carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, nitrogen and phosphorus. Thus, non-living and living things exist together to make our planet unique.
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Question 4 of 200
4. Question
According to whose survey made in 2011 the number of estimated species on earth is 8.7 million?
Correct
According to a survey made by Mora et al., 2011 the number of estimated species on earth is 8.7 million. The living world includes microbes, plants, animals and human beings which possess unique and distinct characteristic feature.
Incorrect
According to a survey made by Mora et al., 2011 the number of estimated species on earth is 8.7 million. The living world includes microbes, plants, animals and human beings which possess unique and distinct characteristic feature.
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Question 5 of 200
5. Question
Which among the following is not the attributes of living organisms?
Correct
Attributes of living organisms are growth, nutrition, movement, reproduction, excretion, irritability, respiration and metabolism.
Incorrect
Attributes of living organisms are growth, nutrition, movement, reproduction, excretion, irritability, respiration and metabolism.
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Question 6 of 200
6. Question
Which among the following statement is correct regarding growth
- Growth is an intrinsic property of all living organisms through which they can increase cells both in number and mass. Unicellular and multicellular organisms grow by cell division. In plants, growth is indefinite and occurs throughout their life. In animals, growth is definite and occurs for some period.
- Growth in non-living objects is intrinsic. Mountains, boulders and sand mounds grow by simple aggregation of material on the surface. Living cells grow by the addition of new potassium within the cells. Therefore, growth in living thing is extrinsic.
- In unicellular organisms like Bacteria and Amoeba growth occurs by cell division and such cell division also leads to the growth of their population. Hence, growth and reproduction are mutually inclusive events.
Correct
Growth in non-living objects is extrinsic. Mountains, boulders and sand mounds grow by simple aggregation of material on the surface. Living cells grow by the addition of new protoplasm within the cells. Therefore, growth in living thing is intrinsic.
Incorrect
Growth in non-living objects is extrinsic. Mountains, boulders and sand mounds grow by simple aggregation of material on the surface. Living cells grow by the addition of new protoplasm within the cells. Therefore, growth in living thing is intrinsic.
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Question 7 of 200
7. Question
Which are unicellular, lack membrane bound nuclei and organelles like mitochondria, endoplasmic reticulum, golgi bodies and so on?
Correct
Prokaryotes are unicellular, lack membrane bound nuclei and organelles like mitochondria, endoplasmic reticulum, golgi bodies and so on (Example: Bacteria and Blue green algae).
Incorrect
Prokaryotes are unicellular, lack membrane bound nuclei and organelles like mitochondria, endoplasmic reticulum, golgi bodies and so on (Example: Bacteria and Blue green algae).
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Question 8 of 200
8. Question
In which a definite nucleus and membrane bound organelles are present?
Correct
In Eukaryotes a definite nucleus and membrane bound organelles are present. Eukaryotes may be unicellular (Amoeba) or multicellular (Oedogonium). All living organisms are made up of cells which may be prokaryotic or eukaryotic.
Incorrect
In Eukaryotes a definite nucleus and membrane bound organelles are present. Eukaryotes may be unicellular (Amoeba) or multicellular (Oedogonium). All living organisms are made up of cells which may be prokaryotic or eukaryotic.
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Question 9 of 200
9. Question
How many types of reproduction are there?
Correct
Reproduction is one of the fundamental characteristic features of living organisms. It is the tendency of a living organism to perpetuate its own species. There are two types of reproduction namely asexual and sexual.
Incorrect
Reproduction is one of the fundamental characteristic features of living organisms. It is the tendency of a living organism to perpetuate its own species. There are two types of reproduction namely asexual and sexual.
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Question 10 of 200
10. Question
Match the following Asexual reproductive type with its organism
- Conidia formation – 1. Spirogyra
- Budding – 2. Yeast
- Fragmentation – 3. Planaria
- Regeneration – 4. Penicillium
Correct
Types of Asexual Reproduction (a) Conidia formation-Penicillium, (b) Budding-Yeast, (c) Fragmentation-Spirogyra, (d) Regeneration-Planaria.
Incorrect
Types of Asexual Reproduction (a) Conidia formation-Penicillium, (b) Budding-Yeast, (c) Fragmentation-Spirogyra, (d) Regeneration-Planaria.
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Question 11 of 200
11. Question
Which among the following statement is correct
- Asexual reproduction refers to the production of the progeny possessing features more or less similar to those of parents. The sexual reproduction brings out variation through recombination.
- Asexual reproduction in living organisms occurs by the production of conidia (Aspergillus, Penicillium), budding (Hydra and Yeast), binary fission (Bacteria and Amoeba) fragmentation (Spirogyra), protonema (Mosses) and regeneration (Planaria). Exceptions are the sterile worker bees and mules.
Correct
Incorrect
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Question 12 of 200
12. Question
The sum of all the chemical reactions taking place in a cell of living organism is called ____?
Correct
The sum of all the chemical reactions taking place in a cell of living organism is called metabolism.
Incorrect
The sum of all the chemical reactions taking place in a cell of living organism is called metabolism.
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Question 13 of 200
13. Question
Which among the following is not the type of metabolism?
Correct
Metabolism is broadly divided into anabolism and catabolism.
Incorrect
Metabolism is broadly divided into anabolism and catabolism.
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Question 14 of 200
14. Question
Which among the following statement is correct
- Anabolism is breaking down process. Larger molecules break into smaller units. In anabolism the stored chemical energy is released and used. Example: Breaking down of glucose to CO2 and water.
- Catabolism is a building up process. Smaller molecules combine together to form larger molecule. In catabolism Chemical energy is formed and stored. Example: Synthesis of proteins from amino acids.
Correct
Anabolism is a building up process. Smaller molecules combine together to form larger molecule. In Anabolism Chemical energy is formed and stored. Example: Synthesis of proteins from amino acids
Catabolism is breaking down process. Larger molecules break into smaller units. In catabolism the stored chemical energy is released and used. Example: Breaking down of glucose to CO2 and water.
Incorrect
Anabolism is a building up process. Smaller molecules combine together to form larger molecule. In Anabolism Chemical energy is formed and stored. Example: Synthesis of proteins from amino acids
Catabolism is breaking down process. Larger molecules break into smaller units. In catabolism the stored chemical energy is released and used. Example: Breaking down of glucose to CO2 and water.
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Question 15 of 200
15. Question
Property of self-regulation and tendency to maintain a steady state within an external environment which is liable to change is called _____
Correct
Property of self-regulation and tendency to maintain a steady state within an external environment which is liable to change is called Homeostasis. It is essential for the living organism to maintain internal condition to survive in the environment.
Incorrect
Property of self-regulation and tendency to maintain a steady state within an external environment which is liable to change is called Homeostasis. It is essential for the living organism to maintain internal condition to survive in the environment.
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Question 16 of 200
16. Question
Which among the following statement is correct
- All organisms are capable of sensing their environment and respond to various physical, chemical and biological stimuli. Animals sense their surroundings by sense organs. This is called Consciousness.
- Plants also respond to the stimuli. Bending of plants towards sunlight, the closure of leaves in touch-me-not plant to touch are some examples for response to stimuli in plants. This type of response is called Irritability.
- Movement, Nutrition, Respiration and Excretion are also considered as the property of living things. The levels of organization in living organism begin with atoms and end in Biosphere. Each level cannot exist in isolation instead they form levels of integration
Correct
Incorrect
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Question 17 of 200
17. Question
The movement of cytoplasm is called ____
Correct
The movement of cytoplasm is called cytoplasmic streaming or cyclosis.
Incorrect
The movement of cytoplasm is called cytoplasmic streaming or cyclosis.
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Question 18 of 200
18. Question
Which among the following is not the virus?
Correct
EBOLA, ZIKA, AIDS, SARS, H1N1 are example of virus. The word virus is derived from Latin meaning ‘Poison’. Viruses are sub-microscopic, obligate intracellular parasites. They have nucleic acid core surrounded by protein coat. Aquificae is a bacterium.
Incorrect
EBOLA, ZIKA, AIDS, SARS, H1N1 are example of virus. The word virus is derived from Latin meaning ‘Poison’. Viruses are sub-microscopic, obligate intracellular parasites. They have nucleic acid core surrounded by protein coat. Aquificae is a bacterium.
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Question 19 of 200
19. Question
The study of viruses is called ___
Correct
The study of viruses is called Virology. Viruses in their native state contain only a single type of nucleic acid which may be either DNA or RNA.
Incorrect
The study of viruses is called Virology. Viruses in their native state contain only a single type of nucleic acid which may be either DNA or RNA.
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Question 20 of 200
20. Question
Which American Scientist obtained virus in crystallised form from infected tobacco juice in the year 1935?
Correct
W.M. Stanley is American Scientist obtained virus in crystallised form from infected tobacco juice in the year 1935. He was jointly awarded “Nobel Prize” with Dr. J.H. Northrop for Chemistry in 1946.
Incorrect
W.M. Stanley is American Scientist obtained virus in crystallised form from infected tobacco juice in the year 1935. He was jointly awarded “Nobel Prize” with Dr. J.H. Northrop for Chemistry in 1946.
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Question 21 of 200
21. Question
Who among the following used and created vaccination for small pox in 1796?
Correct
Edward Jenner used and created vaccination for small pox in 1796.
Incorrect
Edward Jenner used and created vaccination for small pox in 1796.
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Question 22 of 200
22. Question
Viruses infecting bacteria are called ____
Correct
Viruses infecting bacteria are called Bacteriophages. It literally means ‘eaters of bacteria’ (Gr: Phagein = to eat). Phages are abundant in soil, sewage water, fruits, vegetables, and milk.
Incorrect
Viruses infecting bacteria are called Bacteriophages. It literally means ‘eaters of bacteria’ (Gr: Phagein = to eat). Phages are abundant in soil, sewage water, fruits, vegetables, and milk.
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Question 23 of 200
23. Question
Which among the following statement is incorrect regarding Structure of T4 bacteriophage?
- The T4 phage is tadpole shaped and consists of head, collar, tail, base plate and fibres. The head is hexagonal which consists of about 2000 identical protein subunits. The long helical tail consists of an inner tubular core which is connected to the head by a collar. There is a base plate attached to the end of tail.
- The base plate contains seven spikes and tail fibres. These fibres are used to attach the phage on the cell wall of bacterial host during replication. A dsDNA molecule of about 100 µm is tightly packed inside the head. The DNA is about 1000 times smaller than the phage itself
Correct
Incorrect
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Question 24 of 200
24. Question
Which among the following is not the non-living characteristic of virus?
Correct
The Non-living characters of viruses are 1. Can be crystallized, 2. Absence of metabolism, 3. Inactive outside the host, 4. Do not show functional autonomy and 5. Energy producing enzyme system is absent.
Incorrect
The Non-living characters of viruses are 1. Can be crystallized, 2. Absence of metabolism, 3. Inactive outside the host, 4. Do not show functional autonomy and 5. Energy producing enzyme system is absent.
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Question 25 of 200
25. Question
Who among the following demonstrated the infectious nature of Tobacco mosaic virus using sap of mosaic leaves in 1886?
Correct
In 1886 Adolf Mayer demonstrated the infectious nature of Tobacco mosaic virus using sap of mosaic leaves.
Incorrect
In 1886 Adolf Mayer demonstrated the infectious nature of Tobacco mosaic virus using sap of mosaic leaves.
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Question 26 of 200
26. Question
Viruses are smaller than bacteria and their diameter range from ____
Correct
Viruses are ultramicroscopic particles. They are smaller than bacteria and their diameter range from 20 to 300 nm. (1nm = 10-9 metres). Bacteriophage measures about 10-100 nm in size. The size of TMV is 300×20 nm.
Incorrect
Viruses are ultramicroscopic particles. They are smaller than bacteria and their diameter range from 20 to 300 nm. (1nm = 10-9 metres). Bacteriophage measures about 10-100 nm in size. The size of TMV is 300×20 nm.
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Question 27 of 200
27. Question
Generally viruses are how many types based on shape and symmetry?
Correct
Generally, viruses are of three types based on shape and symmetry. They are i. Cuboid symmetry, ii. Helical symmetry and iii. Complex or Atypical.
Incorrect
Generally, viruses are of three types based on shape and symmetry. They are i. Cuboid symmetry, ii. Helical symmetry and iii. Complex or Atypical.
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Question 28 of 200
28. Question
Who gave the virus classification in year 1971 based on mechanism of RNA production, the nature of the genome, RNA or DNA, the use of reverse transcriptase (RT)?
Correct
Among various classifications proposed for viruses the classification given by David Baltimore in the year 1971 is given below. The classification is based on mechanism of RNA production, the nature of the genome (single stranded –ss or double stranded – ds), RNA or DNA, the use of reverse transcriptase (RT), ss RNA may be (+) sense or (–) antisense. Viruses are classified into seven classes.
Incorrect
Among various classifications proposed for viruses the classification given by David Baltimore in the year 1971 is given below. The classification is based on mechanism of RNA production, the nature of the genome (single stranded –ss or double stranded – ds), RNA or DNA, the use of reverse transcriptase (RT), ss RNA may be (+) sense or (–) antisense. Viruses are classified into seven classes.
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Question 29 of 200
29. Question
Which among the following is not the example of cuboid symmetry virus?
Correct
Cuboid symmetry – Example: Adenovirus, Herpes virus.
Incorrect
Cuboid symmetry – Example: Adenovirus, Herpes virus.
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Question 30 of 200
30. Question
Which among the following is not the example of Helical symmetry virus?
Correct
Helical symmetry – Example: Influenza virus, Tobacco Mosaic Virus (TMV). Complex or Atypical – Example: Bacteriophage, Vaccinia virus.
Incorrect
Helical symmetry – Example: Influenza virus, Tobacco Mosaic Virus (TMV). Complex or Atypical – Example: Bacteriophage, Vaccinia virus.
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Question 31 of 200
31. Question
Which among the following is not the living characteristic of virus?
Correct
Living characters of virus are 1. Presence of nucleic acid and protein, 2. Capable of mutation, 3. Ability to multiply within living cells, 4. Able to infect and cause diseases in living beings,5. Show irritability and 6. Host –specific.
Incorrect
Living characters of virus are 1. Presence of nucleic acid and protein, 2. Capable of mutation, 3. Ability to multiply within living cells, 4. Able to infect and cause diseases in living beings,5. Show irritability and 6. Host –specific.
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Question 32 of 200
32. Question
Which among the following statement is correct?
- Each virus possesses only one type of nucleic acid either DNA or RNA. The nucleic acid may be in a linear or circular form. Generally nucleic acid is present as a single unit but in wound tumour virus and in influenza virus it is found in segments.
- Majority of animal and bacterial viruses are RNA viruses (HIV is the animal virus which possess DNA). Plant viruses generally contain DNA (Cauliflower Mosaic virus possess RNA). The nucleic acids may be single stranded or double stranded.
Correct
Majority of animal and bacterial viruses are DNA viruses (HIV is the animal virus which possess RNA). Plant viruses generally contain RNA (Cauliflower Mosaic virus possess DNA). The nucleic acids may be single stranded or double stranded.
Incorrect
Majority of animal and bacterial viruses are DNA viruses (HIV is the animal virus which possess RNA). Plant viruses generally contain RNA (Cauliflower Mosaic virus possess DNA). The nucleic acids may be single stranded or double stranded.
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Question 33 of 200
33. Question
The viruses possessing DNA are called ____
Correct
The viruses possessing DNA are called ‘Deoxyviruses’.
Incorrect
The viruses possessing DNA are called ‘Deoxyviruses’.
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Question 34 of 200
34. Question
The viruses possessing RNA are called _____
Correct
The viruses possessing RNA are called ‘Riboviruses’.
Incorrect
The viruses possessing RNA are called ‘Riboviruses’.
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Question 35 of 200
35. Question
On the basis of nature of nucleic acid viruses are classified into how many categories?
Correct
On the basis of nature of nucleic acid viruses are classified into four Categories. They are Viruses with ssDNA (Parvo viruses), dsDNA (Bacteriophages), ssRNA (TMV)and dsRNA(Wound Tumour Virus).
Incorrect
On the basis of nature of nucleic acid viruses are classified into four Categories. They are Viruses with ssDNA (Parvo viruses), dsDNA (Bacteriophages), ssRNA (TMV)and dsRNA(Wound Tumour Virus).
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Question 36 of 200
36. Question
Tobacco mosaic virus was discovered in 1892 by whom from the Tobacco plant?
Correct
Tobacco mosaic virus was discovered in 1892 by Dimitry Ivanowsky from the Tobacco plant. Viruses infect healthy plants through vectors like aphids, locusts etc. The first visible symptom of TMV is discoloration of leaf colour along the veins and show typical yellow and green mottling which is the mosaic symptom. The downward curling and distortion of young apical leaves occurs, plant becomes stunted and yield is affected.
Incorrect
Tobacco mosaic virus was discovered in 1892 by Dimitry Ivanowsky from the Tobacco plant. Viruses infect healthy plants through vectors like aphids, locusts etc. The first visible symptom of TMV is discoloration of leaf colour along the veins and show typical yellow and green mottling which is the mosaic symptom. The downward curling and distortion of young apical leaves occurs, plant becomes stunted and yield is affected.
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Question 37 of 200
37. Question
Which among the following statement is correct regarding structure of Tobacco Mosaic Virus?
- Electron microscopic studies have revealed that TMV is a rod shaped helical virus measuring about 300x20nm with a molecular weight of 39×106 Daltons. The virion is made up of two constituents, a protein coat called capsid and a core called nucleic acid.
- The protein coat is made up of approximately 140 identical protein subunits called miterwort which are present around a central single stranded DNA molecule. The genetic information necessary for the formation of a complete TMV particle is contained in its DNA.
Correct
The protein coat is made up of approximately 2130 identical protein subunits called capsomeres which are present around a central single stranded RNA molecule. The genetic information necessary for the formation of a complete TMV particle is contained in its RNA.
Incorrect
The protein coat is made up of approximately 2130 identical protein subunits called capsomeres which are present around a central single stranded RNA molecule. The genetic information necessary for the formation of a complete TMV particle is contained in its RNA.
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Question 38 of 200
38. Question
In Tobacco Mosaic Virus (TMV) RNA consists of how many nucleotides?
Correct
In Tobacco Mosaic Virus (TMV) RNA consists of 6,500 nucleotides.
Incorrect
In Tobacco Mosaic Virus (TMV) RNA consists of 6,500 nucleotides.
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Question 39 of 200
39. Question
Who among the following proved that viruses are smaller than bacteria?
Correct
In 1892 Dimitry Ivanowsky proved that viruses are smaller than bacteria.
Incorrect
In 1892 Dimitry Ivanowsky proved that viruses are smaller than bacteria.
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Question 40 of 200
40. Question
Which among the following is not the life cycle through which Phages multiply?
Correct
Phages multiply through two different types of life cycle. a. Lytic or Virulent cycle b. Lysogenic or Avirulent life cycle.
Incorrect
Phages multiply through two different types of life cycle. a. Lytic or Virulent cycle b. Lysogenic or Avirulent life cycle.
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Question 41 of 200
41. Question
Which among the following is not the step involved in lytic cycle?
Correct
During lytic cycle of phage, disintegration of host bacterial cell occurs and the progeny virions are released (Figure 1.5a). The steps involved in the lytic cycle are as follows: (i) Adsorption, (ii) Penetration, (iii) Synthesis, (iv) Assembly and Maturation and (v) Release.
Incorrect
During lytic cycle of phage, disintegration of host bacterial cell occurs and the progeny virions are released (Figure 1.5a). The steps involved in the lytic cycle are as follows: (i) Adsorption, (ii) Penetration, (iii) Synthesis, (iv) Assembly and Maturation and (v) Release.
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Question 42 of 200
42. Question
Which among the following statement is correct regarding adsorption process in lytic cycle?
- Phage (T4) particles interact with cell wall of host (E. coli). The phage tail makes contact between the two, and tail fibres recognize the specific receptor sites present on bacterial cell surface. The lipopolysaccharides of tail fibres act as receptor in phage.
- The process involving the recognition of phage to bacterium is called sliding. Once the contact is established between tail fibres and bacterial cell, tail fibres bend to anchor the pins and base plate to the cell surface. This step is called surfacing.
Correct
The process involving the recognition of phage to bacterium is called landing. Once the contact is established between tail fibres and bacterial cell, tail fibres bend to anchor the pins and base plate to the cell surface. This step is called pinning.
Incorrect
The process involving the recognition of phage to bacterium is called landing. Once the contact is established between tail fibres and bacterial cell, tail fibres bend to anchor the pins and base plate to the cell surface. This step is called pinning.
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Question 43 of 200
43. Question
Who among the following defined the infectious agent in tobacco leaves as ῾Contagium vivum fluidum’ in 1898?
Correct
Incorrect
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Question 44 of 200
44. Question
Which among the following statement is incorrect regarding penetration process in lytic cycle?
- The penetration process involves mechanical and enzymatic digestion of the cell wall of the host. At the recognition site phage digests certain cell wall structure by viral enzyme (lysozyme). After pinning the tail sheath contracts (using ATP) and appears shorter and thicker
- After contraction of the base plate enlarges through which RNA is injected into the cell wall without using metabolic energy. The step involving injection of RNA particle alone into the bacterial cell is called Transfection. The empty protein coat leaving outside the cell is known as ‘Hall’.
Correct
After contraction of the base plate enlarges through which DNA is injected into the cell wall without using metabolic energy. The step involving injection of DNA particle alone into the bacterial cell is called Transfection. The empty protein coat leaving outside the cell is known as ‘ghost’.
Incorrect
After contraction of the base plate enlarges through which DNA is injected into the cell wall without using metabolic energy. The step involving injection of DNA particle alone into the bacterial cell is called Transfection. The empty protein coat leaving outside the cell is known as ‘ghost’.
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Question 45 of 200
45. Question
Who among the following identified Viral infection in Bacteria in 1915?
Correct
In 1915 F.W.Twort identified Viral infection in Bacteria.
Incorrect
In 1915 F.W.Twort identified Viral infection in Bacteria.
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Question 46 of 200
46. Question
Which among the following statement is incorrect regarding synthesis process in lytic cycle?
- Synthesis step involves the degradation of bacterial chromosome, protein synthesis and DNA replication. The phage nucleic acid takes over the host biosynthetic machinery. Host DNA gets inactivated and breaks down.
- Phage DNA suppresses the synthesis of bacterial protein and directs the metabolism of the cell to synthesis the proteins of the phage particles and simultaneously replication of Phage DNA also takes place.
Correct
Incorrect
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Question 47 of 200
47. Question
The DNA of the phage and protein coat are synthesized separately and are assembled to form phage particles. The process of assembling the phage particles is known as ____
Correct
The DNA of the phage and protein coat are synthesized separately and are assembled to form phage particles. The process of assembling the phage particles is known as maturation. After 20 minutes of infection, about 300 new phages are assembled. The phage particle gets accumulated inside the host cell and are released by the lysis of host cell wall.
Incorrect
The DNA of the phage and protein coat are synthesized separately and are assembled to form phage particles. The process of assembling the phage particles is known as maturation. After 20 minutes of infection, about 300 new phages are assembled. The phage particle gets accumulated inside the host cell and are released by the lysis of host cell wall.
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Question 48 of 200
48. Question
Which among the following statement is correct regarding Lysogenic Cycle
- In the lysogenic cycle the phage DNA gets integrated into host RNA and gets multiplied along with nucleic acid of the host. More independent viral particle is formed. As soon as the phage injects its linear DNA into the host cell, it becomes rectangular and integrates into the bacterial chromosome by recombination.
- The integrated phage DNA is now called prophage. The activity of the prophage gene is repressed by two repressor proteins which are synthesized by phage genes. This checks the synthesis of new phage within the host cell. However, each time the bacterial cell divides, the prophage multiplies along with the bacterial chromosome. On exposure to UV radiation and chemicals the excision of phage DNA may occur and results in lytic cycle.
Correct
In the lysogenic cycle the phage DNA gets integrated into host DNA and gets multiplied along with nucleic acid of the host. No independent viral particle is formed. As soon as the phage injects its linear DNA into the host cell, it becomes circular and integrates into the bacterial chromosome by recombination.
Incorrect
In the lysogenic cycle the phage DNA gets integrated into host DNA and gets multiplied along with nucleic acid of the host. No independent viral particle is formed. As soon as the phage injects its linear DNA into the host cell, it becomes circular and integrates into the bacterial chromosome by recombination.
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Question 49 of 200
49. Question
Viruses infecting blue green algae are called _____
Correct
Viruses infecting blue green algae are called Cyanophages.
Incorrect
Viruses infecting blue green algae are called Cyanophages.
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Question 50 of 200
50. Question
Who coined the term ‘Bacteriophage’ in 1917?
Correct
In 1917 d’Herelle coined the term ‘Bacteriophage’.
Incorrect
In 1917 d’Herelle coined the term ‘Bacteriophage’.
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Question 51 of 200
51. Question
Who among the following first reported cyanophages in 1963?
Correct
Cyanophages are first reported by Safferman and Morris in the year 1963(Example LPP1 – Lyngbya, Plectonema and Phormidium).
Incorrect
Cyanophages are first reported by Safferman and Morris in the year 1963(Example LPP1 – Lyngbya, Plectonema and Phormidium).
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Question 52 of 200
52. Question
The viruses attacking fungi are called ____
Correct
Hollings (1962) reported viruses infecting cultivated Mushrooms and causing die back disease. The viruses attacking fungi are called Mycoviruses or Mycophages.
Incorrect
Hollings (1962) reported viruses infecting cultivated Mushrooms and causing die back disease. The viruses attacking fungi are called Mycoviruses or Mycophages.
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Question 53 of 200
53. Question
Which is an intact infective virus particle which is non-replicating outside a host cell?
Correct
Virion is an intact infective virus particle which is non-replicating outside a host cell.
Incorrect
Virion is an intact infective virus particle which is non-replicating outside a host cell.
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Question 54 of 200
54. Question
Which among the following were discovered by J.W.Randles and Co-workers in 1981?
Correct
Virusoids were discovered by J.W.Randles and Co-workers in 1981.They are the small circular RNAs which are similar to viroids but they are always linked with larger molecules of the viral RNA.
Incorrect
Virusoids were discovered by J.W.Randles and Co-workers in 1981.They are the small circular RNAs which are similar to viroids but they are always linked with larger molecules of the viral RNA.
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Question 55 of 200
55. Question
Viroid is a circular molecule of ssRNA without a capsid and was discovered by whom in the year 1971?
Correct
Viroid is a circular molecule of ssRNA without a capsid and was discovered by T.O. Diener in the year 1971. The RNA of viroid has low molecular weight. Viroids cause citrus exocortis and potato spindle tuber disease in plants.
Incorrect
Viroid is a circular molecule of ssRNA without a capsid and was discovered by T.O. Diener in the year 1971. The RNA of viroid has low molecular weight. Viroids cause citrus exocortis and potato spindle tuber disease in plants.
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Question 56 of 200
56. Question
Prions were discovered by whom in 1982?
Correct
Prions were discovered by Stanley B. Prusiner in the year 1982 and are proteinaceous infectious particles. They are the causative agents for about a dozen fatal degenerative disorders of the central nervous system of humans and other animals. For example, Creutzfeldt – Jakob Disease (CJD), Bovine Spongiform Encephalopathy (BSE) – commonly known as mad cow disease and scrapie disease of sheep.
Incorrect
Prions were discovered by Stanley B. Prusiner in the year 1982 and are proteinaceous infectious particles. They are the causative agents for about a dozen fatal degenerative disorders of the central nervous system of humans and other animals. For example, Creutzfeldt – Jakob Disease (CJD), Bovine Spongiform Encephalopathy (BSE) – commonly known as mad cow disease and scrapie disease of sheep.
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Question 57 of 200
57. Question
Streaks on Tulip flowers are due to Tulip Breaking Virus which belong to what group?
Correct
Streaks on Tulip flowers are due to Tulip Breaking Virus which belong to Potyviridae group.
Incorrect
Streaks on Tulip flowers are due to Tulip Breaking Virus which belong to Potyviridae group.
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Question 58 of 200
58. Question
Virus of which group are commercially exploited as insecticides?
Correct
Viruses of Baculoviridae group are commercially exploited as insecticides. Cytoplasmic Polyhedrosis Granulo viruses and Entomopox viruses were employed as potential insecticides.
Incorrect
Viruses of Baculoviridae group are commercially exploited as insecticides. Cytoplasmic Polyhedrosis Granulo viruses and Entomopox viruses were employed as potential insecticides.
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Question 59 of 200
59. Question
Which among the following is not example of disorder caused by Prions?
Correct
Creutzfeldt – Jakob Disease (CJD), Bovine Spongiform Encephalopathy (BSE) – commonly known as mad cow disease and scrapie disease of sheep are the example of disorder caused by prions.
Incorrect
Creutzfeldt – Jakob Disease (CJD), Bovine Spongiform Encephalopathy (BSE) – commonly known as mad cow disease and scrapie disease of sheep are the example of disorder caused by prions.
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Question 60 of 200
60. Question
Who among the following discovered HIV (Human Immuno Deficiency Virus) in 1984?
Correct
In 1984 Luc Montagnier and Robert Gallo discovered HIV (Human Immuno Deficiency Virus).
Incorrect
In 1984 Luc Montagnier and Robert Gallo discovered HIV (Human Immuno Deficiency Virus).
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Question 61 of 200
61. Question
Who among the following is “Father of Botany”?
Correct
Theophrastus, “Father of Botany” used the morphological characters to classify plants into trees, shrubs and herbs.
Incorrect
Theophrastus, “Father of Botany” used the morphological characters to classify plants into trees, shrubs and herbs.
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Question 62 of 200
62. Question
Who classified animals into two groups. i.e., Enaima (with red blood) and Anaima (without red blood)?
Correct
Aristotle classified animals into two groups. i.e., Enaima (with red blood) and Anaima (without red blood).
Incorrect
Aristotle classified animals into two groups. i.e., Enaima (with red blood) and Anaima (without red blood).
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Question 63 of 200
63. Question
Match the following system of classification with who proposed it
- Two Kingdom – 1. Copeland
- Three Kingdom – 2. R.H. Whittaker
- Four Kingdom – 3. Ernst Haeckel
- Five Kingdom – 4. Carl Linnaeus
Correct
Two kingdom – Carl Linnaeus; Three kingdom – Ernst Haeckel; Four Kingdom – Copeland; Five kingdom – R.H. Whittaker.
Incorrect
Two kingdom – Carl Linnaeus; Three kingdom – Ernst Haeckel; Four Kingdom – Copeland; Five kingdom – R.H. Whittaker.
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Question 64 of 200
64. Question
Which among the following statement is correct
- Carl Linnaeus classified living world into two groups namely Plants and Animals based on morphological characters. His classification faced major setback because Prokaryotes and Eukaryotes were grouped together.
- Similarly, fungi, heterotrophic organisms were placed along with the photosynthetic plants. In course of time, the development of tools compelled taxonomists to look for different areas like cytology, anatomy, embryology, molecular biology, phylogeny etc., for classifying organisms on earth. Thus, new dimensions to classifications were put forth from time to time.
Correct
Incorrect
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Question 65 of 200
65. Question
Which among the following was not included in Five kingdom classification proposed by R.H. Whittaker?
Correct
R.H. Whittaker, an American taxonomist proposed five Kingdom classification in the year 1969. The Kingdoms include Monera, Protista, Fungi, Plantae and Animalia. The criteria adopted for the classification include cell structure, thallus organization, mode of nutrition, reproduction and phylogenetic relationship.
Incorrect
R.H. Whittaker, an American taxonomist proposed five Kingdom classification in the year 1969. The Kingdoms include Monera, Protista, Fungi, Plantae and Animalia. The criteria adopted for the classification include cell structure, thallus organization, mode of nutrition, reproduction and phylogenetic relationship.
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Question 66 of 200
66. Question
Which among the following is not the merits of Five Kingdom Classification?
Correct
Incorrect
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Question 67 of 200
67. Question
Which among the following was not included in Five Kingdom Classification?
Correct
The Kingdom Monera and Protista accommodate both autotrophic and heterotrophic organisms, cell wall lacking and cell wall bearing organisms thus making these two groups more heterogeneous. Viruses were not included in the system.
Incorrect
The Kingdom Monera and Protista accommodate both autotrophic and heterotrophic organisms, cell wall lacking and cell wall bearing organisms thus making these two groups more heterogeneous. Viruses were not included in the system.
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Question 68 of 200
68. Question
Who among the following in the year 1990 introduced three domains of life viz.,Bacteria, Archaea and Eukarya based on the difference in rRNA nucleotide sequence, lipid structure of the cell membrane?
Correct
Carl Woese and co-workers in the year 1990 introduced three domains of life viz.,Bacteria, Archaea and Eukarya based on the difference in rRNA nucleotide sequence, lipid structure of the cell membrane.
Incorrect
Carl Woese and co-workers in the year 1990 introduced three domains of life viz.,Bacteria, Archaea and Eukarya based on the difference in rRNA nucleotide sequence, lipid structure of the cell membrane.
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Question 69 of 200
69. Question
. A revised six Kingdom classification for living world was proposed by whom in year 1998?
Correct
A revised six Kingdom classification for living world was proposed by Thomas Cavalier-Smith in the year 1998 and the Kingdom Monera is divided in to Archaebacteria and Eubacteria.
Incorrect
A revised six Kingdom classification for living world was proposed by Thomas Cavalier-Smith in the year 1998 and the Kingdom Monera is divided in to Archaebacteria and Eubacteria.
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Question 70 of 200
70. Question
Who among the following in 2015 published a seven Kingdom classification which is a practical extension of Thomas Cavalier’s six Kingdom scheme?
Correct
Ruggierio et al., 2015 published a seven Kingdom classification which is a practical extension of Thomas Cavalier’s six Kingdom scheme. According to this classification there are two Super Kingdoms. (Prokaryota and Eukaryota).
Incorrect
Ruggierio et al., 2015 published a seven Kingdom classification which is a practical extension of Thomas Cavalier’s six Kingdom scheme. According to this classification there are two Super Kingdoms. (Prokaryota and Eukaryota).
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Question 71 of 200
71. Question
In seven kingdom classification, which among the following doesn’t come under Eukaryota?
Correct
Prokaryota includes two Kingdoms namely Archaebacteria and Eubacteria. Eukaryota includes the Protozoa, Chromista, Fungi, Plantae and Animalia.
Incorrect
Prokaryota includes two Kingdoms namely Archaebacteria and Eubacteria. Eukaryota includes the Protozoa, Chromista, Fungi, Plantae and Animalia.
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Question 72 of 200
72. Question
Which among the following kingdom includes all algae whose chloroplasts contain chlorophyll a and c, as well as various colourless forms that are closely related to them?
Correct
A new Kingdom, the Chromista was erected and it included all algae whose chloroplasts contain chlorophyll a and c, as well as various colourless forms that are closely related to them. Diatoms, Brown algae, Cryptomonads and Oomycetes were placed under this Kingdom.
Incorrect
A new Kingdom, the Chromista was erected and it included all algae whose chloroplasts contain chlorophyll a and c, as well as various colourless forms that are closely related to them. Diatoms, Brown algae, Cryptomonads and Oomycetes were placed under this Kingdom.
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Question 73 of 200
73. Question
Which is caused by toxic bloom of Dinoflagellates like Gymnodinium breve and Gonyaulax tamarensis?
Correct
Red tide is caused by toxic bloom of Dinoflagellates like Gymnodinium breve and Gonyaulax tamarensis. A major red tide incident in west coast of Florida in the year 1982 killed Hundreds and thousands of fishes.
Incorrect
Red tide is caused by toxic bloom of Dinoflagellates like Gymnodinium breve and Gonyaulax tamarensis. A major red tide incident in west coast of Florida in the year 1982 killed Hundreds and thousands of fishes.
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Question 74 of 200
74. Question
Which bacterium present in curd that turns milk into curd when added?
Correct
A little drop of curd turns the milk into curd after some time. The change is brought by Lactobacillus lactis, a bacterium present in the curd. The sourness is due to the formation of Lactic acid.
Incorrect
A little drop of curd turns the milk into curd after some time. The change is brought by Lactobacillus lactis, a bacterium present in the curd. The sourness is due to the formation of Lactic acid.
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Question 75 of 200
75. Question
Typhoid is a bacterial disease caused which bacterium?
Correct
Typhoid is a bacterial disease caused by Salmonella typhi, a bacterium. So, we can consider this prokaryotic organism as friend and foe, due to their beneficial and harmful activities.
Incorrect
Typhoid is a bacterial disease caused by Salmonella typhi, a bacterium. So, we can consider this prokaryotic organism as friend and foe, due to their beneficial and harmful activities.
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Question 76 of 200
76. Question
Which German physician and microbiologist e is considered as the founder of modern bacteriology?
Correct
Robert Heinrich Hermann Koch was a German physician and microbiologist. Robert Koch is considered as the founder of modern bacteriology. The experimental evidence for the concept of infection was proved by him (Koch’s postulates). He was awarded Nobel prize in Medicine/Physiology in the year 1905.
Incorrect
Robert Heinrich Hermann Koch was a German physician and microbiologist. Robert Koch is considered as the founder of modern bacteriology. The experimental evidence for the concept of infection was proved by him (Koch’s postulates). He was awarded Nobel prize in Medicine/Physiology in the year 1905.
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Question 77 of 200
77. Question
Which among the following disease causal organism was not identified by Robert Koch?
Correct
Robert Koch identified the causal organism for Anthrax, Cholera and Tuberculosis.
Incorrect
Robert Koch identified the causal organism for Anthrax, Cholera and Tuberculosis.
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Question 78 of 200
78. Question
Who among the following coined the term Bacterium?
Correct
In 1829 C.G. Ehrenberg coined the term Bacterium.
Incorrect
In 1829 C.G. Ehrenberg coined the term Bacterium.
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Question 79 of 200
79. Question
Bacteria were first discovered by which Dutch scientist in 1676?
Correct
Bacteria are prokaryotic, unicellular, ubiquitous, microscopic organisms. The study of Bacteria is called Bacteriology. Bacteria were first discovered by a Dutch scientist, Anton van Leeuwenhoek in 1676 and were called “animalcules”.
Incorrect
Bacteria are prokaryotic, unicellular, ubiquitous, microscopic organisms. The study of Bacteria is called Bacteriology. Bacteria were first discovered by a Dutch scientist, Anton van Leeuwenhoek in 1676 and were called “animalcules”.
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Question 80 of 200
80. Question
Which among the following characteristic features of Bacteria is incorrect
Correct
The cell wall is made up of Polysaccharides and proteins. Most of them lack chlorophyll, hence they are heterotrophic (Vibrio cholerae) but some are autotrophic and possess Bacteriochlorophyll (Chromatium).
Incorrect
The cell wall is made up of Polysaccharides and proteins. Most of them lack chlorophyll, hence they are heterotrophic (Vibrio cholerae) but some are autotrophic and possess Bacteriochlorophyll (Chromatium).
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Question 81 of 200
81. Question
The bacterial cell reveals how many layers?
Correct
The bacterial cell reveals three layers (i) Capsule/Glycocalyx (ii) Cell wall and (iii) Cytoplasm.
Incorrect
The bacterial cell reveals three layers (i) Capsule/Glycocalyx (ii) Cell wall and (iii) Cytoplasm.
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Question 82 of 200
82. Question
Which among the following statement is incorrect regarding Capsule/Glycocalyx layer of bacteria?
- Some bacteria are surrounded by a gelatinous substance which is composed of polysaccharides or polypeptide or both. A thick layer of glycocalyx bound tightly to the cell wall is called capsule.
- Capsule protects cell from desiccation and antibiotics. The sticky nature helps them to attach to substrates like plant root surfaces, Human teeth and tissues. It helps to retain the nutrients in bacterial cell.
Correct
Incorrect
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Question 83 of 200
83. Question
Which among the following is not caused by Helicobacter pylori, a Gram negative bacterium?
Correct
Duodenal and Gastric ulcers are caused by Helicobacter pylori, a Gram negative bacterium.
Incorrect
Duodenal and Gastric ulcers are caused by Helicobacter pylori, a Gram negative bacterium.
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Question 84 of 200
84. Question
Bt toxin from which bacterium finds application in raising insect resistant crops (Bt Crops)?
Correct
Bt toxin from Bacillus thuringiensis finds application in raising insect resistant crops (Bt Crops).
Incorrect
Bt toxin from Bacillus thuringiensis finds application in raising insect resistant crops (Bt Crops).
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Question 85 of 200
85. Question
Which among the following statement is correct regarding bacterial cell?
- The bacterial cell wall is granular and is flexible. It provides protection and gives shape to the cell. The chemical composition of cell wall is rather simple and is made up of histone or peptidoglycan. One of the most abundant polypeptides called sine is present and it helps in the diffusion of solutes.
- Cytoplasm is thick and semi-transparent. It contains ribosomes and other cell inclusions. Cytoplasmic inclusions like glycogen, poly-βhydroxybutyrate granules, sulphur granules and gas vesicles are present
- The plasma membrane is made up of lipoprotein. It controls the entry and exit of small molecules and ions. The enzymes involved in the oxidation of metabolites (i.e., the respiratory chain) as well as the photosystems used in photosynthesis are present in the plasma membrane.
Correct
The bacterial cell wall is granular and is rigid. It provides protection and gives shape to the cell. The chemical composition of cell wall is rather complex and is made up of peptidoglycan or mucopeptide (N-acetyl glucosamine, N-acetyl muramic acid and peptide chain of 4 or 5 aminoacids). One of the most abundant polypeptide called porin is present and it helps in the diffusion of solutes.
Incorrect
The bacterial cell wall is granular and is rigid. It provides protection and gives shape to the cell. The chemical composition of cell wall is rather complex and is made up of peptidoglycan or mucopeptide (N-acetyl glucosamine, N-acetyl muramic acid and peptide chain of 4 or 5 aminoacids). One of the most abundant polypeptide called porin is present and it helps in the diffusion of solutes.
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Question 86 of 200
86. Question
In 1884 Christian Gram introduced which method?
Correct
In 1884 Christian Gram introduced Gram staining method.
Incorrect
In 1884 Christian Gram introduced Gram staining method.
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Question 87 of 200
87. Question
Which among the following statement regarding Bacterial chromosome is correct?
- The bacterial chromosome is a single circular DNA molecule, tightly coiled and is not enclosed in a membrane as in Eukaryotes. This genetic material is called Nucleoid or Genophore.
- It is amazing to note that the DNA of E.coli which measures about 1nm long when uncoiled, contains all the genetic information of the organism. The DNA is bound to the histone proteins.
- The single chromosome or the DNA molecule is circular and at one point it is attached to the plasma membrane and it is believed that this attachment may help in the separation of two chromosomes after DNA replication.
Correct
It is amazing to note that the DNA of E.coli which measures about 1mm long when uncoiled, contains all the genetic information of the organism. The DNA is not bound to histone proteins.
Incorrect
It is amazing to note that the DNA of E.coli which measures about 1mm long when uncoiled, contains all the genetic information of the organism. The DNA is not bound to histone proteins.
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Question 88 of 200
88. Question
Which among the following statement is correct regarding plasmid in bacterial cell
1) Plasmids are extra chromosomal double stranded, circular, self-replicating, autonomous elements. The size of a plasmid varies from 1 to 500 kb usually plasmids contribute to about 0.5 to 5.0% of the total DNA of bacteria.
2) They contain genes for fertility, antibiotic resistant and heavy metals. It also help in the production of bacteriocins and toxins which are not found in bacterial chromosome. The number of plasmids per cell varies.
3) Plasmids are classified into different types based on the function. Some of them are F (Fertility) factor, R (Resistance) plasmids, Col (Colicin) plasmids, Ri (Root inducing) plasmids and Ti (Tumour inducing) plasmids.Correct
Incorrect
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Question 89 of 200
89. Question
Certain motile bacteria have numerous thin hair like projections of variable length emerge from the cell wall called _____
Correct
Certain motile bacteria have numerous thin hair like projections of variable length emerge from the cell wall called flagella. It is 20–30 μm in diameter and 15 μm in length. The flagella of Eukaryotic cells contain 9+2 microtubles but each flagellum in bacteria is made up of a single fibril. Flagella are used for locomotion. Based on the number and position of flagella there are different types of bacteria.
Incorrect
Certain motile bacteria have numerous thin hair like projections of variable length emerge from the cell wall called flagella. It is 20–30 μm in diameter and 15 μm in length. The flagella of Eukaryotic cells contain 9+2 microtubles but each flagellum in bacteria is made up of a single fibril. Flagella are used for locomotion. Based on the number and position of flagella there are different types of bacteria.
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Question 90 of 200
90. Question
Which among the following statement is correct
1) Mesosomes are localized infoldings of plasma membrane produced into the cell in the form of vesicles, tubules and lamellae. They are clumped and folded together to maximize their surface area and helps in respiration and in binary fission.
2) The ribosomes are the site of protein synthesis. The number of ribosomes per cell varies from 1000 to 5,000. The ribosomes are 70S type and consists of three subunits (65S, 50S and 30S). The ribosomes are held together by DNA and form polyribosomes or polysomes.
3) Pili or fimbriae are hair like appendages found on surface of cell wall of gram-negative bacteria (Example: Enterobacterium). The pili are 0.2 to 20 µm long with a diameter of about 0.025µm. In addition to normal pili there are special type of pili which help in conjugation called sex pili are also found.Correct
The ribosomes are the site of protein synthesis. The number of ribosomes per cell varies from 10,000 to 15,000. The ribosomes are 70S type and consists of two subunits (50S and 30S). The ribosomes are held together by mRNA and form polyribosomes or polysomes.
Incorrect
The ribosomes are the site of protein synthesis. The number of ribosomes per cell varies from 10,000 to 15,000. The ribosomes are 70S type and consists of two subunits (50S and 30S). The ribosomes are held together by mRNA and form polyribosomes or polysomes.
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Question 91 of 200
91. Question
Who published First edition of Bergey’s Manual in 1923?
Correct
In 1923 David H. Bergy published First edition of Bergey’s Manual.
Incorrect
In 1923 David H. Bergy published First edition of Bergey’s Manual.
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Question 92 of 200
92. Question
. Which among the following statement is correct regarding Gram staining procedure?
1) The Gram staining method to differentiate bacteria was developed by Danish Physician Christian Gram in the year1884. It is a differential staining procedure and it classifies bacteria into two classes – Gram positive and Gram negative. The steps involved in Gram staining procedure.
2) The Gram-positive bacteria retain crystal red and appear dark brown whereas Gram negative type lose the crystal red and when counterstained by safranin appear yellow under a microscope. Most of the gram-positive cell wall contain considerable amount of teichoic acid and teichuronic acid. In addition, they may contain polysaccharide molecules.Correct
The Gram-positive bacteria retain crystal violet and appear dark violet whereas Gram negative type loose the crystal violet and when counterstained by safranin appear red under a microscope. Most of the gram-positive cell wall contain considerable amount of teichoic acid and teichuronic acid. In addition, they may contain polysaccharide molecules.
Incorrect
The Gram-positive bacteria retain crystal violet and appear dark violet whereas Gram negative type loose the crystal violet and when counterstained by safranin appear red under a microscope. Most of the gram-positive cell wall contain considerable amount of teichoic acid and teichuronic acid. In addition, they may contain polysaccharide molecules.
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Question 93 of 200
93. Question
Which among the following is not the component of gram-negative cell wall?
Correct
The gram-negative cell wall contains three components that lie outside the peptidoglycan layer. 1. Lipoprotein 2. Outer membrane 3. Lipopolysaccharide. Thus, the different results in the gram stain are due to differences in the structure and composition of the cell wall.
Incorrect
The gram-negative cell wall contains three components that lie outside the peptidoglycan layer. 1. Lipoprotein 2. Outer membrane 3. Lipopolysaccharide. Thus, the different results in the gram stain are due to differences in the structure and composition of the cell wall.
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Question 94 of 200
94. Question
Which among the following statement is correct
1) Two types of respiration are found in Bacteria. They are 1. Aerobic respiration 2. Anaerobic respiration. Anaerobic respiration bacteria do not use oxygen for growth and metabolism but obtain their energy from fermentation reactions. Example: Clostridium.
2) Aerobic respiration bacteria require oxygen as terminal acceptor and will not grow under anaerobic conditions. (i.e., in the absence of O2) Example: Streptococcus. Some Micrococcus species are obligate aerobes (i.e., they must have oxygen to survive).Correct
Incorrect
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Question 95 of 200
95. Question
There are bacteria that can grow either using oxygen as a terminal electron acceptor or anaerobically using fermentation reaction to obtain energy. This respiration is called ____
Correct
There are bacteria that can grow either using oxygen as a terminal electron acceptor or anaerobically using fermentation reaction to obtain energy. This respiration is called facultative anaerobes. When a facultative anaerobe such as E. coli is present at a site of infection like an abdominal abscess, it can rapidly consume all available O2 and change to anaerobic metabolism producing an anaerobic environment and thus allow the anaerobic bacteria that are present to grow and cause disease. Example: Escherichia coli and Salmonella.
Incorrect
There are bacteria that can grow either using oxygen as a terminal electron acceptor or anaerobically using fermentation reaction to obtain energy. This respiration is called facultative anaerobes. When a facultative anaerobe such as E. coli is present at a site of infection like an abdominal abscess, it can rapidly consume all available O2 and change to anaerobic metabolism producing an anaerobic environment and thus allow the anaerobic bacteria that are present to grow and cause disease. Example: Escherichia coli and Salmonella.
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Question 96 of 200
96. Question
Who among the following discovered bacterial transformation in 1928?
Correct
In 1928 Fredrick Griffith discovered Bacterial transformation.
Incorrect
In 1928 Fredrick Griffith discovered Bacterial transformation.
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Question 97 of 200
97. Question
Which among the following bacteria is not the example of facultative anaerobes?
Correct
Examples of facultative anaerobes are Escherichia coli and Salmonella.
Incorrect
Examples of facultative anaerobes are Escherichia coli and Salmonella.
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Question 98 of 200
98. Question
Bacteria which require CO2 for their growth are called as _____
Correct
Bacteria which require CO2 for their growth are called as capnophilic bacteria. Example: Campylobacter.
Incorrect
Bacteria which require CO2 for their growth are called as capnophilic bacteria. Example: Campylobacter.
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Question 99 of 200
99. Question
Who among the following discovered plasmid in 1952?
Correct
In 1952 Joshua Lederberg discovered Plasmid.
Incorrect
In 1952 Joshua Lederberg discovered Plasmid.
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Question 100 of 200
100. Question
Which among the following is not the classification of bacteria on the basis of their mode of nutrition?
Correct
On the basis of their mode of nutrition bacteria are classified into two types namely autotrophs and heterotrophs.
Incorrect
On the basis of their mode of nutrition bacteria are classified into two types namely autotrophs and heterotrophs.
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Question 101 of 200
101. Question
Which among the following statement is correct
1) Bacteria which can synthesise their own food are called autotrophic bacteria. They may be further subdivided as Photoautotrophic bacteria and Chemoautotrophic bacteria. In Photoautotrophic bacteria use sunlight as their source of energy to synthesize food. They may be Photolithotrophs and Photo organotrophs.
2) In photolithotrophs the nitrogen donor is an inorganic substance. They are white and purple sulphur bacteria. In White sulphur bacteria the nitrogen donor is H2S and possess pigment called Bacteriocanil. Example: Chlorobium.
3) Purple sulphur bacteria belong to this group the hydrogen donor is thiosulphate, Bacteriochlorophyll is present. Chlorophyll containing chlorosomes are present Example: Chromatium. Photoorganotrophs utilize organic acid or alcohol as hydrogen donor. Example: Purple non sulphur bacteria – Rhodospirillum.Correct
In photolithotrophs the hydrogen donor is an inorganic substance. They are green and purple sulphur bacteria. In Green sulphur bacteria the hydrogen donor is H2S and possess pigment called Bacterioviridin. Example: Chlorobium.
Incorrect
In photolithotrophs the hydrogen donor is an inorganic substance. They are green and purple sulphur bacteria. In Green sulphur bacteria the hydrogen donor is H2S and possess pigment called Bacterioviridin. Example: Chlorobium.
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Question 102 of 200
102. Question
Which among the following is the example of Sulphur bacteria?
Correct
Chemolithotrophs type of bacteria oxidize inorganic compound to release energy. Sulphur bacteria – Thiobacillus thiooxidans.
Incorrect
Chemolithotrophs type of bacteria oxidize inorganic compound to release energy. Sulphur bacteria – Thiobacillus thiooxidans.
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Question 103 of 200
103. Question
Which among the following is not Chemoorganotrophs?
Correct
Chemoorganotrophs type of bacteria oxidize organic compounds to release energy. Examples: 1. Methane bacteria – Methanococcus 2. Acetic acid bacteria – Acetobacter 3. Lactic acid bacteria – Lactobacillus
Incorrect
Chemoorganotrophs type of bacteria oxidize organic compounds to release energy. Examples: 1. Methane bacteria – Methanococcus 2. Acetic acid bacteria – Acetobacter 3. Lactic acid bacteria – Lactobacillus
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Question 104 of 200
104. Question
Which among the following is example of Iron bacteria?
Correct
Examples of Chemolithotrophs are Iron bacteria – Ferrobacillus ferrooxidans; Hydrogen bacteria – Hydrogenomonas; Nitrifying bacteria – Nitrosomonas and Nitrobacter.
Incorrect
Examples of Chemolithotrophs are Iron bacteria – Ferrobacillus ferrooxidans; Hydrogen bacteria – Hydrogenomonas; Nitrifying bacteria – Nitrosomonas and Nitrobacter.
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Question 105 of 200
105. Question
Which among the following is not Heterotrophic Bacteria?
Correct
Heterotrophic Bacteria are Parasites (Mycobacterium) Saprophytes (Bacillus mycoides) or Symbiotic (Rhizobium in root nodules of leguminous crops).
Incorrect
Heterotrophic Bacteria are Parasites (Mycobacterium) Saprophytes (Bacillus mycoides) or Symbiotic (Rhizobium in root nodules of leguminous crops).
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Question 106 of 200
106. Question
Which among the following is not the asexual reproduction method of bacteria?
Correct
Bacteria reproduces asexually by binary fission, conidia and endospore formation. Among these, binary fission is the most common one.
Incorrect
Bacteria reproduces asexually by binary fission, conidia and endospore formation. Among these, binary fission is the most common one.
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Question 107 of 200
107. Question
Which among the following statement is correct
1) Binary fission: Under favourable conditions the cell divides into four daughter cells. The nuclear material divides first and it is followed by the formation of a simple median constriction which finally results in the separation of four cells.
2) Endospores: During unfavourable condition bacteria produce endospores. Endospores are produced in Bacillus megaterium, Bacillus sphaericus and Clostridium tetani. Endospores are thick-walled resting spores. During favourable condition, they germinate and form bacteria.Correct
Binary fission: Under favourable conditions the cell divides into two daughter cells. The nuclear material divides first and it is followed by the formation of a simple median constriction which finally results in the separation of two cells.
Incorrect
Binary fission: Under favourable conditions the cell divides into two daughter cells. The nuclear material divides first and it is followed by the formation of a simple median constriction which finally results in the separation of two cells.
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Question 108 of 200
108. Question
In sexual reproduction gene recombination can occur in bacteria by how different methods?
Correct
Typical sexual reproduction involving the formation and fusion of gametes is absent in bacteria. However gene recombination can occur in bacteria by three different methods they are 1. Conjugation 2. Transformation 3. Transduction.
Incorrect
Typical sexual reproduction involving the formation and fusion of gametes is absent in bacteria. However gene recombination can occur in bacteria by three different methods they are 1. Conjugation 2. Transformation 3. Transduction.
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Question 109 of 200
109. Question
Who among the following demonstrated conjugation in E. coli. in the year 1946?
Correct
J. Lederberg and Edward L. Tatum demonstrated conjugation in E. coli. in the year 1946.
Incorrect
J. Lederberg and Edward L. Tatum demonstrated conjugation in E. coli. in the year 1946.
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Question 110 of 200
110. Question
Which among the following statement is incorrect
- In this method of gene transfer the donor cell gets attached to the recipient cell with the help of pili. The pilus grows in size and forms the conjugation tube. The plasmid of donor cell which has the F+ (fertility factor) undergoes replication.
- One pair of strands of DNA is transferred to the recipient cell through conjugation tube. The recipient completes the structure of quad stranded DNA by synthesizing the strand that complements the strand acquired from the donor.
Correct
Only one strand of DNA is transferred to the recipient cell through conjugation tube. The recipient completes the structure of double stranded DNA by synthesizing the strand that complements the strand acquired from the donor.
Incorrect
Only one strand of DNA is transferred to the recipient cell through conjugation tube. The recipient completes the structure of double stranded DNA by synthesizing the strand that complements the strand acquired from the donor.
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Question 111 of 200
111. Question
Match the following host plant with its disease?
i. Rice – 1. Angular leaf spot
ii. Apple – 2. Bacterial blight
iii. Carrot – 3. Ring rot
iv. Cotton – 4. Fire blight
v. Potato – 5. Soft rotCorrect
Rice – Bacterial blight (Xanthomonas oryzae); Apple – Fire blight (Erwinia amylovora); Carrot – Soft rot (Erwinia caratovora); Cotton – Angular leaf spot (Xanthomonas malvacearum); Potato – Ring rot (Clavibacter michiganensis subsp. Sepedonicus).
Incorrect
Rice – Bacterial blight (Xanthomonas oryzae); Apple – Fire blight (Erwinia amylovora); Carrot – Soft rot (Erwinia caratovora); Cotton – Angular leaf spot (Xanthomonas malvacearum); Potato – Ring rot (Clavibacter michiganensis subsp. Sepedonicus).
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Question 112 of 200
112. Question
In 1928 which bacteriologist demonstrated transformation in Mice using Diplococcus pneumoniae?
Correct
In 1928 the bacteriologist Frederick Griffith demonstrated transformation in Mice using Diplococcus pneumoniae.
Incorrect
In 1928 the bacteriologist Frederick Griffith demonstrated transformation in Mice using Diplococcus pneumoniae.
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Question 113 of 200
113. Question
Which among the following statement is correct regarding Transformation in sexual reproduction of bacteria?
1) Transfer of DNA from one bacterium to another is called transformation. Two strains of this bacterium are present. One strain produces smooth colonies and are virulent in nature (S-type). In addition another strain produce rough colonies and are avirulent (R-type).
2) When S-type of cells were injected into the mouse, the mouse died. When R-type of cells were injected, the mouse survived. He injected heat killed S-type cells into the mouse. The mouse did not die. When the mixture of heat killed S-type cells and R-type cells were injected into the mouse, the mouse died.
3) The avirulent rough strain of Diplococcus had been transformed into S-type cells. The hereditary material of heat killed S-type cells had transformed R-type cell into virulent smooth strains. Thus, the phenomenon of changing the character of one strain by transferring the DNA of another strain into the former is called Transformation.Correct
Incorrect
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Question 114 of 200
114. Question
In 1952 who discovered Transduction in Salmonella typhimurum?
Correct
Zinder and Lederberg (1952) discovered Transduction in Salmonella typhimurum. Phage mediated DNA transfer is called Transduction. Transduction is of two types (i) The ability of a bacteriophage to carry genetic material of any region of bacterial DNA is called generalised transduction and (ii) The ability of the bacteriophage to carry only a specific region of the bacterial DNA is called specialized or restricted transduction.
Incorrect
Zinder and Lederberg (1952) discovered Transduction in Salmonella typhimurum. Phage mediated DNA transfer is called Transduction. Transduction is of two types (i) The ability of a bacteriophage to carry genetic material of any region of bacterial DNA is called generalised transduction and (ii) The ability of the bacteriophage to carry only a specific region of the bacterial DNA is called specialized or restricted transduction.
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Question 115 of 200
115. Question
Which among the following animal disease is incorrectly matched with its pathogen(bacteria)?
Correct
Black leg (Cattle) – Clostridium chauvoei.
Incorrect
Black leg (Cattle) – Clostridium chauvoei.
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Question 116 of 200
116. Question
Scab disease in potato is caused by which bacteria?
Correct
Scab disease in potato is caused by Streptomyces scabies.
Incorrect
Scab disease in potato is caused by Streptomyces scabies.
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Question 117 of 200
117. Question
Which among the following is not the Nitrogen fixation bacteria?
Correct
Nitrogen fixation bacteria are 1. Azotobacter 2. Clostridium 3. Rhizobium.
Incorrect
Nitrogen fixation bacteria are 1. Azotobacter 2. Clostridium 3. Rhizobium.
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Question 118 of 200
118. Question
Which synthesize PHB (Poly-β-hydroxyl butyrate) a microbial plastic which is biodegradable?
Correct
Bacteria forms Biofilms and leads to dental caries and Urinary tract infection (UTI). Ralstonia synthesize PHB (Poly-β-hydroxyl butyrate) a microbial plastic which is biodegradable.
Incorrect
Bacteria forms Biofilms and leads to dental caries and Urinary tract infection (UTI). Ralstonia synthesize PHB (Poly-β-hydroxyl butyrate) a microbial plastic which is biodegradable.
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Question 119 of 200
119. Question
Which among the following are primitive prokaryotes and are adapted to thrive in extreme environments like hot springs, high salinity, low pH and so on?
Correct
Archaebacteria are primitive prokaryotes and are adapted to thrive in extreme environments like hot springs, high salinity, low pH and so on. They are mostly chemoautotrophs. The unique feature of this group is the presence of lipids like glycerol & isopropyl ethers in their cell membrane. Due to the unique chemical composition the cell membrane show resistance against cell wall antibiotics and lytic agents. Example: Methanobacterium, Halobacterium, Thermoplasma.
Incorrect
Archaebacteria are primitive prokaryotes and are adapted to thrive in extreme environments like hot springs, high salinity, low pH and so on. They are mostly chemoautotrophs. The unique feature of this group is the presence of lipids like glycerol & isopropyl ethers in their cell membrane. Due to the unique chemical composition the cell membrane show resistance against cell wall antibiotics and lytic agents. Example: Methanobacterium, Halobacterium, Thermoplasma.
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Question 120 of 200
120. Question
Match the following disease along with its pathogen(Bacteria)
i. Plague – 1. Treponema pallidum
ii. Food poisoning – 2. Mycobacterium leprae
iii. Syphilis – 3. Yersinia pestis
iv. Leprosy – 4. Clostridium botulinumCorrect
- Cholera – Vibrio cholerae, 2. Typhoid – Salmonella typhi, 3. Tuberculosis – Mycobacterium tuberculosis, 4. Leprosy – Mycobacterium leprae, 5. Pneumonia – Diplococcus pneumoniae, 6. Plague – Yersinia pestis, 7. Diphtheria – Corynebacterium diptheriae, 8. Tetanus – Clostridium tetani, 9. Food poisoning – Clostridium botulinum and 10. Syphilis – Treponema pallidum.
Incorrect
- Cholera – Vibrio cholerae, 2. Typhoid – Salmonella typhi, 3. Tuberculosis – Mycobacterium tuberculosis, 4. Leprosy – Mycobacterium leprae, 5. Pneumonia – Diplococcus pneumoniae, 6. Plague – Yersinia pestis, 7. Diphtheria – Corynebacterium diptheriae, 8. Tetanus – Clostridium tetani, 9. Food poisoning – Clostridium botulinum and 10. Syphilis – Treponema pallidum.
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Question 121 of 200
121. Question
Intracellular chains of 40-50 magnetite (Fe3O4) particles are found in which bacterium?
Correct
Intracellular chains of 40-50 magnetite (Fe3O4) particles are found in bacterium Aquaspirillum magnetotacticum. and it help the bacterium to locate nutrient rich sediments. This is known as Magnetosomes.
Incorrect
Intracellular chains of 40-50 magnetite (Fe3O4) particles are found in bacterium Aquaspirillum magnetotacticum. and it help the bacterium to locate nutrient rich sediments. This is known as Magnetosomes.
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Question 122 of 200
122. Question
Which among the following bacterium is not used to prepare probiotic yoghurt and tooth paste?
Correct
Probiotic milk products and tooth paste are available in the market. Lactobacillus and Bifidobacterium are used to prepare probiotic yoghurt and tooth paste.
Incorrect
Probiotic milk products and tooth paste are available in the market. Lactobacillus and Bifidobacterium are used to prepare probiotic yoghurt and tooth paste.
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Question 123 of 200
123. Question
Which among the following statement is correct regarding Cyanobacteria (Blue Green Algae)
1) Stromatolites are deposits formed when colonies of cyanobacteria bind with magnesium sulphate. They have a geological age of 1.2 million years. Their abundance in the fossil record indicates that cyanobacteria helped in raising the level of free carbon dioxide in the atmosphere.
2) Cyanobacteria are popularly called as ‘Blue green algae’ or ‘Cyanophyceae’. They are photosynthetic, prokaryotic organisms. According to evolutionary record Cyanobacteria are primitive forms and are found in different habitats. Most of them are fresh water and few are marine (Trichodesmium and Dermacarpa) Trichodesmium erythraeum a cyanobacterium imparts red colour to Red sea.
3) Species of Nostoc, Anabaena lead an endophytic life in the coralloid root of Cycas, leaves of aquatic fern Azolla by establishing a symbiotic association and fix atmospheric nitrogen. Members like Gloeocapsa, Nostoc, Scytonema are found as phycobionts in lichen thalli.Correct
Stromatolites are deposits formed when colonies of cyanobacteria bind with calcium carbonate. They have a geological age of 2.7 billion years. Their abundance in the fossil record indicates that cyanobacteria helped in raising the level of free oxygen in the atmosphere.
Incorrect
Stromatolites are deposits formed when colonies of cyanobacteria bind with calcium carbonate. They have a geological age of 2.7 billion years. Their abundance in the fossil record indicates that cyanobacteria helped in raising the level of free oxygen in the atmosphere.
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Question 124 of 200
124. Question
Which among the following bacteria does not convert ammonium salts into nitrites and nitrates?
Correct
Nitrobacter and Nitrosomonas are the bacteria convert ammonium salts into nitrites and nitrates (Nitrification).
Incorrect
Nitrobacter and Nitrosomonas are the bacteria convert ammonium salts into nitrites and nitrates (Nitrification).
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Question 125 of 200
125. Question
Which among the following bacteria convert complex proteins in the dead bodies of plants and animals into ammonia which is later converted into ammonium salt?
Correct
Bacillus ramosus and Bacillus mycoides are bacteria that convert complex proteins in the dead bodies of plants and animals into ammonia which is later converted into ammonium salt.
Incorrect
Bacillus ramosus and Bacillus mycoides are bacteria that convert complex proteins in the dead bodies of plants and animals into ammonia which is later converted into ammonium salt.
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Question 126 of 200
126. Question
Match the following antibiotics with its respective bacteria?
i. Aureomycin – 1. Bacillus licheniformis
ii. Chloromycetin – 2. Streptomyces aureofaciens
iii. Bacitracin – 3. Streptomyces venezuelae
iv. Polymyxin – 4. Bacillus polymyxaCorrect
1. Streptomycin – Streptomyces griseus 2. Aureomycin – Streptomyces aureofaciens 3. Chloromycetin – Streptomyces venezuelae 4. Bacitracin – Bacillus licheniformis 5. Polymyxin – Bacillus polymyxa.
Incorrect
1. Streptomycin – Streptomyces griseus 2. Aureomycin – Streptomyces aureofaciens 3. Chloromycetin – Streptomyces venezuelae 4. Bacitracin – Bacillus licheniformis 5. Polymyxin – Bacillus polymyxa.
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Question 127 of 200
127. Question
Which among the following statement is correct regarding cyanobacteria?
1) The members of cyanobacteria are prokaryotes and lack motile reproductive structures. The thallus is unicellular in Chroococcus, Colonial in Gloeocapsa and filamentous trichome in Nostoc. Gliding movement is noticed in some species (Oscillatoria). The protoplasm is differentiated into central region called centroplasm and peripheral region bearing chromatophore called chromoplasm.
2) The photosynthetic pigments include c-phyocyanin and c-phycoerythrin along with myxoxanthin and myxoxanthophyll. The reserve food material is Cyanophycean starch. In some forms a large colourless cell is found in the terminal or intercalary position called Heterocysts. They are involved in nitrogen fixation. They reproduce only through vegetative methods and produce Akinetes, Hormogonia, fission and endospores.
3) The presence of mucilage around the thallus is characteristic feature of this group. Therefore, this group is also called Myxophyceae. Sexual reproduction is absent. Microcystis aeruginosa, Anabaena flos-aquae cause water blooms and release toxins and affect the aquatic organism.Correct
Incorrect
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Question 128 of 200
128. Question
Which is a superbug genetically engineered which breakdown hydrocarbons?
Correct
Pseudomonas putida is a superbug genetically engineered which breakdown hydrocarbons.
Incorrect
Pseudomonas putida is a superbug genetically engineered which breakdown hydrocarbons.
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Question 129 of 200
129. Question
Which among the following is a portion of filament get detached and reproduce by cell division in cyanobacteria?
Correct
Hormogonia is a portion of filament get detached and reproduce by cell division and Akinetes is thick wall dormant cell formed from vegetative cell.
Incorrect
Hormogonia is a portion of filament get detached and reproduce by cell division and Akinetes is thick wall dormant cell formed from vegetative cell.
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Question 130 of 200
130. Question
A prokaryote take a joy ride in which among the following animal?
Correct
A prokaryote takes a joy ride on polar bear (Aphanocapsa montana – a cyanobacterium grow on the fur of polar bear). Most of cyanobacterium fix atmospheric nitrogen and are used as biofertilizers (Example: Nostoc, Anabaena). Spirulina is rich in protein hence it is used as single cell protein.
Incorrect
A prokaryote takes a joy ride on polar bear (Aphanocapsa montana – a cyanobacterium grow on the fur of polar bear). Most of cyanobacterium fix atmospheric nitrogen and are used as biofertilizers (Example: Nostoc, Anabaena). Spirulina is rich in protein hence it is used as single cell protein.
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Question 131 of 200
131. Question
Which among the following statement is correct regarding Mycoplasma or Mollicutes
1) The Mycoplasma are very small (0.1–0.5µm), pleomorphic gram-negative microorganisms. They are first isolated by Nocard and coworkers in the year 1898 from pleural fluid of cattle affected with bovine pleuropneumonia. They lack cell wall and appear like “Fried Egg” in culture.
2) The DNA contains high Guanine and Cytosine content than true bacteria. They cause disease in virus and plants. Little leaf of brinjal, witches’ broom of legumes phyllody of cloves, sandal spike are some plant diseases caused by mycoplasma. Pleuropneumonia is caused by virus host Mycoplasma mycoides.Correct
The DNA contains low Guanine and Cytosine content than true bacteria. They cause disease in animals and plants. Little leaf of brinjal, witches’ broom of legumes phyllody of cloves, sandal spike are some plant diseases caused by mycoplasma. Pleuropneumonia is caused by Mycoplasma mycoides.
Incorrect
The DNA contains low Guanine and Cytosine content than true bacteria. They cause disease in animals and plants. Little leaf of brinjal, witches’ broom of legumes phyllody of cloves, sandal spike are some plant diseases caused by mycoplasma. Pleuropneumonia is caused by Mycoplasma mycoides.
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Question 132 of 200
132. Question
Which is a single cell protein derived from Methylophilus methylotrophus?
Correct
“Pruteen” is a single cell protein derived from Methylophilus methylotrophus.
Incorrect
“Pruteen” is a single cell protein derived from Methylophilus methylotrophus.
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Question 133 of 200
133. Question
Due e to their mycelia like growth actinomycetes are also called ____
Correct
Actinomycetes are also called ‘Ray fungi’ due to their mycelia like growth.
Incorrect
Actinomycetes are also called ‘Ray fungi’ due to their mycelia like growth.
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Question 134 of 200
134. Question
Which bacteria cause crown gall disease in plants but its inherent tumour inducing principle helps to carry the desired gene into the plant through Genetic engineering?
Correct
Agrobacterium tumefaciens cause crown gall disease in plants but its inherent tumour inducing principle helps to carry the desired gene into the plant through Genetic engineering.
Incorrect
Agrobacterium tumefaciens cause crown gall disease in plants but its inherent tumour inducing principle helps to carry the desired gene into the plant through Genetic engineering.
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Question 135 of 200
135. Question
Which among the following statement is correct regarding actinomycetes?
1) Actinomycetes are anaerobic or facultative anaerobic microorganisms and are Gram positive. They do not produce an aerial mycelium. Their DNA contains high guanine and cytosine content (Example: Streptomyces).
2) Frankia is a symbiotic actinobacterium which produces root nodules and fixes oxygen in non – leguminous plants such as Alnus and Casuarina. They produce unicellular sporangium. Actinomyces bovis grows in nasal cavities and cause lumpy nose.
3) Streptomyces is a mycelial forming Actinobacteria which lives in soil, they impart “earthy odour” to soil after rain which is due to the presence of Geosmin (volatile organic compound). Some important antibiotics namely, Streptomycin, Chloramphenicol, and Tetracycline are produced from this genus.Correct
Frankia is a symbiotic actinobacterium which produces root nodules and fixes nitrogen in non – leguminous plants such as Alnus and Casuarina. They produce multicellular sporangium. Actinomyces bovis grows in oral cavities and cause lumpy jaw.
Incorrect
Frankia is a symbiotic actinobacterium which produces root nodules and fixes nitrogen in non – leguminous plants such as Alnus and Casuarina. They produce multicellular sporangium. Actinomyces bovis grows in oral cavities and cause lumpy jaw.
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Question 136 of 200
136. Question
Which is a thermophilic gram-negative bacterium which produces Taq Polymerase a key enzyme for Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR)?
Correct
Thermus aquaticus is a thermophilic gram-negative bacterium which produces Taq Polymerase a key enzyme for Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR).
Incorrect
Thermus aquaticus is a thermophilic gram-negative bacterium which produces Taq Polymerase a key enzyme for Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR).
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Question 137 of 200
137. Question
Which among the following statement is incorrect
1) Gram positive Bacteria cell wall is thick layered with (0.015 µm-0.02µm) rigid due to presence of Peptidoglycans. It has Peptidoglycans-80% Polysaccharide-20% Teichoic acid present. Outer membrane and Periplasmic space are absent. Lipid and lipoproteins are Low. Lipopolysaccharides are Absent. Highly Susceptibility to penicillin.
2) Gram negative Bacteria cell wall is thich layered with (0.75µm–0.120µm) rigid due to presence of lipoprotein-polysaccharide mixture. It has Peptidoglycans-3 to 12% rest is polysaccharides and lipoproteins. Teichoic acid absent. Outer membrane and Periplasmic space are absent. Lipid and lipoproteins are high. Lipopolysaccharides are present. high susceptible to penicillinCorrect
Gram negative Bacteria cell wall is thin layered with (0.0075µm–0.012µm) elastic due to presence of lipoprotein-polysaccharide mixture. It has Peptidoglycans-3 to 12% rest is polysaccharides and lipoproteins. Teichoic acid absent. Outer membrane and Periplasmic space are present. Lipid and lipoproteins are high. Lipopolysaccharides are present. Low susceptible to penicillin.
Incorrect
Gram negative Bacteria cell wall is thin layered with (0.0075µm–0.012µm) elastic due to presence of lipoprotein-polysaccharide mixture. It has Peptidoglycans-3 to 12% rest is polysaccharides and lipoproteins. Teichoic acid absent. Outer membrane and Periplasmic space are present. Lipid and lipoproteins are high. Lipopolysaccharides are present. Low susceptible to penicillin.
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Question 138 of 200
138. Question
Which among the following bacteria is employed in biogas production?
Correct
Methanobacterium is employed in biogas production.
Incorrect
Methanobacterium is employed in biogas production.
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Question 139 of 200
139. Question
Which is an extremophilic bacterium grows in high salinity and is exploited for the production β carotene?
Correct
Halobacterium, an extremophilic bacterium grows in high salinity. It is exploited for the production β carotene.
Incorrect
Halobacterium, an extremophilic bacterium grows in high salinity. It is exploited for the production β carotene.
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Question 140 of 200
140. Question
Who discovered penicillin in the year 1928 is a serendipity in the world of medicine?
Correct
Discovery of Penicillin in the year 1928 is a serendipity in the world of medicine. The History of World War II recorded the use of Penicillin in the form of yellow powder to save lives of soldiers. For this discovery – The wonderful antibiotic he shared Nobel Prize in Medicine in the year 1945 along with Ernest Boris chain and Sir Howard Walter Florey.
Incorrect
Discovery of Penicillin in the year 1928 is a serendipity in the world of medicine. The History of World War II recorded the use of Penicillin in the form of yellow powder to save lives of soldiers. For this discovery – The wonderful antibiotic he shared Nobel Prize in Medicine in the year 1945 along with Ernest Boris chain and Sir Howard Walter Florey.
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Question 141 of 200
141. Question
Which among the following is incorrect regarding Fungi?
Correct
The word ‘fungus’ is derived from Latin meaning ‘mushroom’. Fungi are ubiquitous, eukaryotic, achlorophyllous heterotrophic organisms. They exist in unicellular or multicellular forms.
Incorrect
The word ‘fungus’ is derived from Latin meaning ‘mushroom’. Fungi are ubiquitous, eukaryotic, achlorophyllous heterotrophic organisms. They exist in unicellular or multicellular forms.
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Question 142 of 200
142. Question
The study of fungi is called ____
Correct
The study of fungi is called mycology. (Gr. mykes – mushroom: logos – study).
Incorrect
The study of fungi is called mycology. (Gr. mykes – mushroom: logos – study).
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Question 143 of 200
143. Question
Who among the following is considered as founder of Mycology?
Correct
P.A. Micheli is considered as founder of Mycology. Few renowned mycologists include Arthur H.R. Buller, John Webster, D.L.Hawksworth, G.C.Ainsworth, B.B.Mundkur, K.C.Mehta, C.V. Subramanian and T.S. Sadasivan.
Incorrect
P.A. Micheli is considered as founder of Mycology. Few renowned mycologists include Arthur H.R. Buller, John Webster, D.L.Hawksworth, G.C.Ainsworth, B.B.Mundkur, K.C.Mehta, C.V. Subramanian and T.S. Sadasivan.
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Question 144 of 200
144. Question
Majority of fungi are made up of thin, filamentous branched structures called ____
Correct
Majority of fungi are made up of thin, filamentous branched structures called Hyphae. A number of hyphae get interwoven to form mycelium.
Incorrect
Majority of fungi are made up of thin, filamentous branched structures called Hyphae. A number of hyphae get interwoven to form mycelium.
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Question 145 of 200
145. Question
is the Father of Indian Mycology?
Correct
E.J. Butler is the Father of Indian Mycology. He published a book, ‘Fungi and Disease in Plants’ on Indian plant diseases in the year 1918.
Incorrect
E.J. Butler is the Father of Indian Mycology. He published a book, ‘Fungi and Disease in Plants’ on Indian plant diseases in the year 1918.
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Question 146 of 200
146. Question
The cell wall of fungi is made up of a polysaccharide called ___
Correct
The cell wall of fungi is made up of a polysaccharide called chitin (polymer of N-acetyl glucosamine) and fungal cellulose.
Incorrect
The cell wall of fungi is made up of a polysaccharide called chitin (polymer of N-acetyl glucosamine) and fungal cellulose.
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Question 147 of 200
147. Question
In which state E.J. Butler established Imperial Agricultural Research Institute?
Correct
In which state E.J. Butler established Imperial Agricultural Research Institute?
Incorrect
In which state E.J. Butler established Imperial Agricultural Research Institute?
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Question 148 of 200
148. Question
Which among the following statement is correct
1) The fungal mycelium is categorised into two types based on the presence or absence of septa. In lower fungi the hypha is aseptate, multinucleate and is known as coenocytic mycelium (Example: Albugo). In higher fungi a septum is present between the cells of the hyphae. Example: Fusarium.
2) The mycelium is organised into loosely or compactly interwoven fungal tissues called promithesia. It is further divided into three types prosenchyma, poliventacular and pseudoparenchyma. In the former type the hyphae are arranged tight but parallel to one another. In the latter hyphae are loosely arranged and lose their identity.
3) In holocarpic forms the entire thallus is converted into reproductive structure whereas in Eucarpic some regions of the thallus are involved in the reproduction other regions remain vegetativeCorrect
The mycelium is organised into loosely or compactly interwoven fungal tissues called plectenchyma. It is further divided into two types prosenchyma and pseudoparenchyma. In the former type the hyphae are arranged loosely but parallel to one another. In the latter hyphae are compactly arranged and lose their identity.
Incorrect
The mycelium is organised into loosely or compactly interwoven fungal tissues called plectenchyma. It is further divided into two types prosenchyma and pseudoparenchyma. In the former type the hyphae are arranged loosely but parallel to one another. In the latter hyphae are compactly arranged and lose their identity.
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Question 149 of 200
149. Question
The sexual phase of Fungi is called ____
Correct
Fungi reproduce both by asexual and sexual methods. The asexual phase is called Anamorph and the sexual phase is called Teleomorph. Fungi having both phases are called Holomorph.
Incorrect
Fungi reproduce both by asexual and sexual methods. The asexual phase is called Anamorph and the sexual phase is called Teleomorph. Fungi having both phases are called Holomorph.
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Question 150 of 200
150. Question
Who proved that Fungi could cause disease in plants in 1767?
Correct
In 1767 Fontana proved that Fungi could cause disease in plants.
Incorrect
In 1767 Fontana proved that Fungi could cause disease in plants.
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Question 151 of 200
151. Question
Fusion of nuclei in sexual reproduction of fungi is known as _____
Correct
Fusion of nuclei in sexual reproduction of fungi is known as Karyogamy.
Incorrect
Fusion of nuclei in sexual reproduction of fungi is known as Karyogamy.
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Question 152 of 200
152. Question
Who among the following proved fungi could cause allergy in Human beings in 1873?
Correct
In 1873 C.H. Blackley proved fungi could cause allergy in Human beings.
Incorrect
In 1873 C.H. Blackley proved fungi could cause allergy in Human beings.
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Question 153 of 200
153. Question
Which among the following step is not included in sexual reproduction in fungi?
Correct
General sexual reproduction in fungi includes three steps 1. Fusion of two protoplasts (plasmogamy) 2. Fusion of nuclei (karyogamy) and 3. Production of haploid spores through meiosis.
Incorrect
General sexual reproduction in fungi includes three steps 1. Fusion of two protoplasts (plasmogamy) 2. Fusion of nuclei (karyogamy) and 3. Production of haploid spores through meiosis.
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Question 154 of 200
154. Question
Which among the following is not the asexual reproduction of Fungi?
Correct
Asexual reproduction of fungus are 1. Zoospores, 2. Conidia, 3. Oidia/Arthrospores, 4. Fission, 5. Budding and 6. Chlamydospore.
Incorrect
Asexual reproduction of fungus are 1. Zoospores, 2. Conidia, 3. Oidia/Arthrospores, 4. Fission, 5. Budding and 6. Chlamydospore.
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Question 155 of 200
155. Question
In Asexual reproduction of fungi, Thick-walled resting spores are called ____
Correct
Thick-walled resting spores are called chlamydospores (Example: Fusarium).
Incorrect
Thick-walled resting spores are called chlamydospores (Example: Fusarium).
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Question 156 of 200
156. Question
Match the following Asexual reproduction in fungi with its example?
i. Zoospores – 1. Penicillium
ii. Conidia – 2. Schizosaccharomyces-yeast
iii. Oidia – 3. Chytrids
iv. Fission – 4. Saccharomyces-yeast
v. Budding – 5. ErysipheCorrect
1. Zoospores: They are flagellate structures produced in zoosporangia (Example: Chytrids). 2. Conidia: The spores produced on condiophores (Example: Aspergillus, Penicillium). 3. Oidia/Thallospores/Arthrospores: The hypha divided and developed in to spores called oidia (Example: Erysiphe). 4. Fission: The vegetative cell divides into 2 daughter cells. (Example: Schizosaccharomyces-yeast). 5. Budding: A small outgrowth is developed on parent cell, which gets detached and becomes independent. (Example: Saccharomyces-yeast.
Incorrect
1. Zoospores: They are flagellate structures produced in zoosporangia (Example: Chytrids). 2. Conidia: The spores produced on condiophores (Example: Aspergillus, Penicillium). 3. Oidia/Thallospores/Arthrospores: The hypha divided and developed in to spores called oidia (Example: Erysiphe). 4. Fission: The vegetative cell divides into 2 daughter cells. (Example: Schizosaccharomyces-yeast). 5. Budding: A small outgrowth is developed on parent cell, which gets detached and becomes independent. (Example: Saccharomyces-yeast.
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Question 157 of 200
157. Question
Which among the following is not the sexual reproduction of Fungi?
Correct
The sexual reproduction of Fungi are 1. Planogametic copulation, 2. Gametangial copulation, 3. Gametangial contact, 4. Spermatization and 5. Somatogamy.
Incorrect
The sexual reproduction of Fungi are 1. Planogametic copulation, 2. Gametangial copulation, 3. Gametangial contact, 4. Spermatization and 5. Somatogamy.
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Question 158 of 200
158. Question
Which among the following sexual reproduction in fungi is wrongly matched with its example
1) Isogamy – Synchytrium
2) Anisogamy – Monoblepharis
3) Oogamy – AllomycesCorrect
Planogametic copulation: Fusion of motile gamete is called planogametic copulation. a. Isogamy – Fusion of morphologically and physiologicall similar gametes. (Example: Synchytrium). b. Anisogamy – Fusion of morphologically or physiologically dissimilar gametes (Example: Allomyces). c. Oogamy – Fusion of both morphologically and physiologically dissimilar gametes. (Example: Monoblepharis).
Incorrect
Planogametic copulation: Fusion of motile gamete is called planogametic copulation. a. Isogamy – Fusion of morphologically and physiologicall similar gametes. (Example: Synchytrium). b. Anisogamy – Fusion of morphologically or physiologically dissimilar gametes (Example: Allomyces). c. Oogamy – Fusion of both morphologically and physiologically dissimilar gametes. (Example: Monoblepharis).
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Question 159 of 200
159. Question
In which sexual reproduction in fungus a contact is established between antheridium and Oogonium?
Correct
Gametangial contact: During sexual reproduction a contact is established between antheridium and Oogonium (Example: Albugo).
Incorrect
Gametangial contact: During sexual reproduction a contact is established between antheridium and Oogonium (Example: Albugo).
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Question 160 of 200
160. Question
Who reported first heterothallism in fungi in 1904?
Correct
In 1904 A.F.Blakeslee first reported heterothallism in fungi.
Incorrect
In 1904 A.F.Blakeslee first reported heterothallism in fungi.
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Question 161 of 200
161. Question
Which among the following is not the example of Gametangial copulation?
Correct
Gametangial copulation: Fusion of gametangia to form zygospore (Example: Mucor, Rhizopus).
Incorrect
Gametangial copulation: Fusion of gametangia to form zygospore (Example: Mucor, Rhizopus).
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Question 162 of 200
162. Question
Who among the following reported Parasexual cycle in fungi in 1952?
Correct
In 1952 Pontecorvo and Roper reported Parasexual cycle in fungi.
Incorrect
In 1952 Pontecorvo and Roper reported Parasexual cycle in fungi.
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Question 163 of 200
163. Question
Which among the following is the not example of spermatization?
Correct
Spermatization: In this method a uninucleate pycniospore/microconidium is transferred to receptive hyphal cell (Example: Puccinia, Neurospora).
Somatogamy: Fusion of two somatic cells of the hyphae (Example: Agaricus).Incorrect
Spermatization: In this method a uninucleate pycniospore/microconidium is transferred to receptive hyphal cell (Example: Puccinia, Neurospora).
Somatogamy: Fusion of two somatic cells of the hyphae (Example: Agaricus). -
Question 164 of 200
164. Question
Traditional classifications categorise fungi into how many classes?
Correct
Many mycologists have attempted to classify fungi based on vegetative and reproductive characters. Traditional classifications categorise fungi into 4 classes – Phycomycetes, Ascomycetes, Basidiomycetes and Deuteromycetes
Incorrect
Many mycologists have attempted to classify fungi based on vegetative and reproductive characters. Traditional classifications categorise fungi into 4 classes – Phycomycetes, Ascomycetes, Basidiomycetes and Deuteromycetes
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Question 165 of 200
165. Question
Which among the following classes of traditional classification include fungal species of Oomycetes, Chytridiomycetes and Zygomycetes which are considered as lower fungi indicating algal origin of fungi?
Correct
Among the classes of traditional classification ‘Phycomycetes’ include fungal species of Oomycetes, Chytridiomycetes and Zygomycetes which are considered as lower fungi indicating algal origin of fungi.
Incorrect
Among the classes of traditional classification ‘Phycomycetes’ include fungal species of Oomycetes, Chytridiomycetes and Zygomycetes which are considered as lower fungi indicating algal origin of fungi.
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Question 166 of 200
166. Question
Who among the following in the year 1979 proposed the classification of fungi in the book entitled ‘Introductory Mycology’?
Correct
Constantine J. Alexopoulos and Charles W. Mims in the year 1979 proposed the classification of fungi in the book entitled ‘Introductory Mycology’. They classified fungi into three divisions namely Gymnomycota, Mastigomycota and Amastigomycota. There are 8 subdivisions, 11 classes, 1 form class and 3 form subclasses in the classification proposed by them.
Incorrect
Constantine J. Alexopoulos and Charles W. Mims in the year 1979 proposed the classification of fungi in the book entitled ‘Introductory Mycology’. They classified fungi into three divisions namely Gymnomycota, Mastigomycota and Amastigomycota. There are 8 subdivisions, 11 classes, 1 form class and 3 form subclasses in the classification proposed by them.
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Question 167 of 200
167. Question
Which among the following is the example of Oomycetes?
Correct
Explanation
Coenocytic mycelium is present. The cell wall is made up of Glucan and Cellulose. Zoospore with one whiplash and one tinsel flagellum is present. Sexual reproduction is oogamous. Example: Albugo.Incorrect
Explanation
Coenocytic mycelium is present. The cell wall is made up of Glucan and Cellulose. Zoospore with one whiplash and one tinsel flagellum is present. Sexual reproduction is oogamous. Example: Albugo. -
Question 168 of 200
168. Question
Which among the following statement is correct regarding Zygomycetes?
1) Most of the species are saprophytic and live on healthy plant and animal matter in the soil. Some lead parasitic life (Example: Entomophthora on dolphin). Bread mold fungi (Example: Mucor, Rhizopus) and coprophilous fungi (Fungi growing on banana Example: Pilobolus) belong to this group
2) The mycelium is branched and coenocytic. Asexual reproduction by means of spores produced in sporangia. Sexual reproduction is by the fusion of the gametangia which results in thick walled zygospore. It remains dormant for long periods. The zygospore undergoes meiosis and produce spores.Correct
Most of the species are saprophytic and live on decaying plant and animal matter in the soil. Some lead parasitic life (Example: Entomophthora on housefly). Bread mold fungi (Example: Mucor, Rhizopus) and coprophilous fungi (Fungi growing on dung Example: Pilobolus) belong to this group.
Incorrect
Most of the species are saprophytic and live on decaying plant and animal matter in the soil. Some lead parasitic life (Example: Entomophthora on housefly). Bread mold fungi (Example: Mucor, Rhizopus) and coprophilous fungi (Fungi growing on dung Example: Pilobolus) belong to this group.
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Question 169 of 200
169. Question
Which bacteria living in the intestine of human beings produce large quantities of vitamin K and vitamin B complex?
Correct
Escherichia coli living in the intestine of human beings produce large quantities of vitamin K and vitamin B complex.
Incorrect
Escherichia coli living in the intestine of human beings produce large quantities of vitamin K and vitamin B complex.
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Question 170 of 200
170. Question
Which among the following statement is correct
1) Ascomycetes include a wide range of fungi such as yeasts, powdery mildews, cup fungi, morels and so on. Although majority of the species live in aquatic environment exclusively in fresh water, some live-in terrestrial environments. The mycelium is well developed, branched with complex septum.
2) Majority of them are saprophytes but few parasites are also known (Powdery mildew – Erysiphe). Asexual reproduction takes place by fission, budding, oidia, conidia, and chlamydospore. Sexual reproduction takes place by the fusion of two compatible nuclei Plasmogamy is not immediately followed by karyogamy, instead a dikaryotic condition is prolonged for several generations
3) A special-hyphae called ascogenous hyphae is formed. A crozier is formed when the tip of the ascogenous hyphae recurves forming a hooked cell. The two nuclei in the penultimate cell of the hypha fuse to form a diploid nucleus. This cell forms young ascus. The diploid nucleus undergoes meiotic division to produce four haploid nuclei, which further divide mitotically to form eight nuclei. The nucleus gets organised into 8 ascospores.Correct
Ascomycetes include a wide range of fungi such as yeasts, powdery mildews, cup fungi, morels and so on. Although majority of the species live in terrestrial environment, some live-in aquatic environments both fresh water and marine. The mycelium is well developed, branched with simple septum.
Incorrect
Ascomycetes include a wide range of fungi such as yeasts, powdery mildews, cup fungi, morels and so on. Although majority of the species live in terrestrial environment, some live-in aquatic environments both fresh water and marine. The mycelium is well developed, branched with simple septum.
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Question 171 of 200
171. Question
The ascospores are found inside a bag like structure called ascus. Due to the presence of ascus, this group is popularly called ___
Correct
The ascospores are found inside a bag like structure called ascus. Due to the presence of ascus, this group is popularly called “Sac fungi”. Asci gets surrounded by sterile hyphae forming fruit body called ascocarp.
Incorrect
The ascospores are found inside a bag like structure called ascus. Due to the presence of ascus, this group is popularly called “Sac fungi”. Asci gets surrounded by sterile hyphae forming fruit body called ascocarp.
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Question 172 of 200
172. Question
Which among the following is not the type of ascocarps?
Correct
There are 4 types of ascocarps namely Cleistothecium (Completely closed), Perithecium (Flask shaped with ostiole), Apothecium (Cup shaped, open type) and Pseudothecium.
Incorrect
There are 4 types of ascocarps namely Cleistothecium (Completely closed), Perithecium (Flask shaped with ostiole), Apothecium (Cup shaped, open type) and Pseudothecium.
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Question 173 of 200
173. Question
Which among bacteria are used to produce Alcohols and acetones from molasses by fermentation activity?
Correct
Explanation
Clostridium acetobutylicum are used to produce Alcohols and acetones from molasses by fermentation activity of the anaerobic bacterium.Incorrect
Explanation
Clostridium acetobutylicum are used to produce Alcohols and acetones from molasses by fermentation activity of the anaerobic bacterium. -
Question 174 of 200
174. Question
Which among the following statement is correct regarding Basidiomycetes (classes of fungi)?
1) Basidiomycetes include puff balls, toad stools, Bird’s nest fungi, Bracket fungi, stink horns, rusts and smuts. The members are terrestrial and lead a saprophytic and parasitic mode of life. he mycelium is well developed, septate with dolipore septum(bracket like). Three types of mycelium namely primary (Monokaryotic), secondary (Dikaryotic) and tertiary are found
2) Clamp connections are formed to maintain dikaryotic condition. Asexual reproduction is by means of conidia, oidia or budding. Sexual reproduction is present but sex organs are absent. Somatogamy or spermatisation results in plasmogamy. Karyogamy is delayed and dikaryotic phase is prolonged. Karyogamy takes place in basidium and it is immediately followed by meiotic division.
3) The six nuclei thus formed are transformed into basidiospores which are borne on sterigmata inside the basidium (Endogenous). The basidium is club shaped with six basidiospores, thus this group of fungi is popularly called “star fungi”. The fruit body formed is called Basidiocarp.Correct
The four nuclei thus formed are transformed into basidiospores which are borne on sterigmata outside the basidium (Exogenous). The basidium is club shaped with four basidiospores, thus this group of fungi is popularly called “Club fungi”. The fruit body formed is called Basidiocarp.
Incorrect
The four nuclei thus formed are transformed into basidiospores which are borne on sterigmata outside the basidium (Exogenous). The basidium is club shaped with four basidiospores, thus this group of fungi is popularly called “Club fungi”. The fruit body formed is called Basidiocarp.
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Question 175 of 200
175. Question
Which among the following bacteria oxidizes ethyl alcohol obtained from molasses by fermentation to vinegar (acetic acid)?
Correct
Acetobacter aceti bacteria oxidizes ethyl alcohol obtained from molasses by fermentation to vinegar (acetic acid).
Incorrect
Acetobacter aceti bacteria oxidizes ethyl alcohol obtained from molasses by fermentation to vinegar (acetic acid).
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Question 176 of 200
176. Question
Which among the following statement is incorrect regarding Deuteromycetes?
1) The fungi belonging to this group have excellent sexual reproduction and are called perfect fungi. A large number of species live as saprophytes in soil and many are plant and animal parasites. Sexual reproduction takes place by the production of conidia, chlamydospores, budding, oidia etc.,
2) Conidia are also produced in special structures called pycnidium, acervulus, sporodochium and synnemata. Parasexual cycle operates in this group of fungi. This brings genetic variation among the species.Correct
The fungi belonging to this group lack sexual reproduction and are called imperfect fungi. A large number of species live as saprophytes in soil and many are plant and animal parasites. Asexual reproduction takes place by the production of conidia, chlamydospores, budding, oidia etc.,
Incorrect
The fungi belonging to this group lack sexual reproduction and are called imperfect fungi. A large number of species live as saprophytes in soil and many are plant and animal parasites. Asexual reproduction takes place by the production of conidia, chlamydospores, budding, oidia etc.,
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Question 177 of 200
177. Question
Dairy industry is based on a single celled fungus called ____
Correct
Fungi provide delicious and nutritious food called mushrooms. They recycle the minerals by decomposing the litter thus adding fertility to the soil. Dairy industry is based on a single celled fungus called yeast. They deteriorate the timber. Fungi cause food poisoning due the production of toxins.
Incorrect
Fungi provide delicious and nutritious food called mushrooms. They recycle the minerals by decomposing the litter thus adding fertility to the soil. Dairy industry is based on a single celled fungus called yeast. They deteriorate the timber. Fungi cause food poisoning due the production of toxins.
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Question 178 of 200
178. Question
The fibres from the fibre yielding plants are separated by the action of Clostridium is called ___
Correct
The fibres from the fibre yielding plants are separated by the action of Clostridium is called retting of fibres. Bacteria used is Clostridium tertium.
Incorrect
The fibres from the fibre yielding plants are separated by the action of Clostridium is called retting of fibres. Bacteria used is Clostridium tertium.
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Question 179 of 200
179. Question
Which among the following statement regarding benefits of fungi is correct
1) Food: Mushrooms like Lentinus edodes, Agaricus bisporus, Volvariella volvaceae are consumed for their high nutritive value. Yeasts provide vitamin B and Eremothecium ashbyii is a rich source of Vitamin B12.
2) Medicine: Fungi produce antibiotics which arrest the growth or destroy the bacteria. Some of the antibiotics produced by fungi include Penicillin (Penicillium notatum) Cephalosporins (Acremonium chrysogenum) Griseofulvin (Penicillium griseofulvum). Ergot alkaloids (Ergotamine) produced by Claviceps purpurea is used as vasoconstrictors.
3) Production of Organic acid: For the commercial production of organic acids fungi are employed in the Industries. Some of the organic acids and fungi which help in the production of organic acids are: citric acid and gluconic acid – Aspergillus niger, Itaconic acid – Aspergillus terreus, Kojic acid – Aspergillus oryzae.Correct
Incorrect
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Question 180 of 200
180. Question
Which among the following Antibiotics is wrongly matched with its role?
Correct
1. Streptomycin – It cures urinary infections, tuberculosis, meningitis and pneumonia 2. Aureomycin – It is used as a medicine to treat whooping cough and eye infections 3. Chloromycetin – It cure typhoid fever 4. Bacitracin – It is used to treat syphilis’ 5. Polymyxin – It cure some bacterial diseases.
Incorrect
1. Streptomycin – It cures urinary infections, tuberculosis, meningitis and pneumonia 2. Aureomycin – It is used as a medicine to treat whooping cough and eye infections 3. Chloromycetin – It cure typhoid fever 4. Bacitracin – It is used to treat syphilis’ 5. Polymyxin – It cure some bacterial diseases.
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Question 181 of 200
181. Question
Which among the following fungi is not used in cheese production.?
Correct
Yeast is used for fermentation of sugars to yield alcohol.Bakeries utilize yeast for the production of Bakery products like Bread, buns, rolls etc., Penicillium roquefortii and Penicillium camemberti were employed in cheese production
Incorrect
Yeast is used for fermentation of sugars to yield alcohol.Bakeries utilize yeast for the production of Bakery products like Bread, buns, rolls etc., Penicillium roquefortii and Penicillium camemberti were employed in cheese production
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Question 182 of 200
182. Question
Yeast is also called as ____
Correct
Yeast is also called as Saccharomyces cerevisiae.
Incorrect
Yeast is also called as Saccharomyces cerevisiae.
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Question 183 of 200
183. Question
Which among the following statement is incorrect regarding benefits of fungi
1) Production of enzymes: Aspergillus oryzae, Aspergillus niger were employed in the production of enzymes like amylase, protease, lactase etc. Rennet which helps in the coagulation of milk in cheese manufacturing is derived from Mucor spp.
2) Agriculture: Mycorrhiza forming fungi like Rhizoctonia, Phallus, Scleroderma helps in absorption of water and minerals. Fungi like Beauveria bassiana, Metarhizium anisopliae are used as Biopesticides to eradicate the pests of crops. Gibberellin, produced by a fungus Gibberella fujikuroi induce the plant growth and is used as growth promoter.Correct
Incorrect
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Question 184 of 200
184. Question
Fungi like Amanita phalloides, Amanita verna, Boletus satanus are highly poisonous due to the production of Toxins. These fungi are commonly referred as ____
Correct
Incorrect
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Question 185 of 200
185. Question
Match the following plant disease with its causal organism (fungi)
i. Blast of Paddy – 1. Colletotrichum lindemuthianum
ii. Red rot of sugarcane – 2. Taphrina deformans
iii. Anthracnose of Beans – 3. Colletotrichum falcatum
iv. White rust of crucifers – 4. Albugo candida
v. Peach leaf curl – 5. Magnaporthe griseaCorrect
1. Blast of Paddy – Magnaporthe grisea, 2. Red rot of sugarcane – Colletotrichum falcatum, 3. Anthracnose of Beans – Colletotrichum lindemuthianum, 4. White rust of crucifers – Albugo candida and 5. Peach leaf curl – Taphrina deformans.
Incorrect
1. Blast of Paddy – Magnaporthe grisea, 2. Red rot of sugarcane – Colletotrichum falcatum, 3. Anthracnose of Beans – Colletotrichum lindemuthianum, 4. White rust of crucifers – Albugo candida and 5. Peach leaf curl – Taphrina deformans.
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Question 186 of 200
186. Question
Which among the following organism (Fungi) cause disease Rust of wheat?
Correct
Rust of wheat is caused by fungi called Puccinia graminis tritici.
Incorrect
Rust of wheat is caused by fungi called Puccinia graminis tritici.
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Question 187 of 200
187. Question
Aspergillus flavus infest dried foods and produce carcinogenic toxin called ____
Correct
Aspergillus, Rhizopus, Mucor and Penicilium are involved in spoilage of food materials. Aspergillus flavus infest dried foods and produce carcinogenic toxin called aflatoxin. Patulin, ochratoxin A are some of the toxins produced by fungi.Fungi cause diseases in Human beings and plants.
Incorrect
Aspergillus, Rhizopus, Mucor and Penicilium are involved in spoilage of food materials. Aspergillus flavus infest dried foods and produce carcinogenic toxin called aflatoxin. Patulin, ochratoxin A are some of the toxins produced by fungi.Fungi cause diseases in Human beings and plants.
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Question 188 of 200
188. Question
Which among the following organism (Fungi) cause Athlete’s foot?
Correct
1. Athlete’s foot – Epidermophyton floccosum, 2. Candidiasis – Candida albicans, 3. Coccidioidomycosis – Coccidioides immitis and 4. Aspergillosis – Aspergillus fumigatus.
Incorrect
1. Athlete’s foot – Epidermophyton floccosum, 2. Candidiasis – Candida albicans, 3. Coccidioidomycosis – Coccidioides immitis and 4. Aspergillosis – Aspergillus fumigatus.
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Question 189 of 200
189. Question
The Fungi which cause infection in skin are known as ____
Correct
Dermatophytes are fungi which cause infection in skin. Example: Trichophyton, Tinea, Microsporum and Epidermophyton.
Incorrect
Dermatophytes are fungi which cause infection in skin. Example: Trichophyton, Tinea, Microsporum and Epidermophyton.
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Question 190 of 200
190. Question
Which fungus caused late blight disease of Potato, which caused a million deaths, and drove more to emigrate from Ireland (1843-1845)?
Correct
The late blight disease of Potato by Phytophthora infestans caused a million deaths, and drove more to emigrate from Ireland (1843-1845).
Incorrect
The late blight disease of Potato by Phytophthora infestans caused a million deaths, and drove more to emigrate from Ireland (1843-1845).
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Question 191 of 200
191. Question
In India which organism caused, Blight of Paddy is also a factor for Bengal famine in 1942-1943?
Correct
In India Helminthosporium oryzae, Blight of Paddy is also a factor for Bengal famine in 1942-1943.
Incorrect
In India Helminthosporium oryzae, Blight of Paddy is also a factor for Bengal famine in 1942-1943.
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Question 192 of 200
192. Question
The symbiotic association between fungal mycelium and roots of plants is called as ___
Correct
The symbiotic association between fungal mycelium and roots of plants is called as mycorrhizae. In this relationship fungi absorb nutrition from the root and in turn the hyphal network of mycorrhizae forming fungi helps the plant to absorb water and mineral nutrients from the soil.
Incorrect
The symbiotic association between fungal mycelium and roots of plants is called as mycorrhizae. In this relationship fungi absorb nutrition from the root and in turn the hyphal network of mycorrhizae forming fungi helps the plant to absorb water and mineral nutrients from the soil.
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Question 193 of 200
193. Question
Which among the following is not the classification of Mycorrhizae?
Correct
Mycorrhizae is classified into three types 1. Ectomycorrhizae, 2. Endomycorrhizae and 3. Ectendomycorrhizae.
Incorrect
Mycorrhizae is classified into three types 1. Ectomycorrhizae, 2. Endomycorrhizae and 3. Ectendomycorrhizae.
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Question 194 of 200
194. Question
In Ectomycorrhizae the fungal myceli um forms a dense sheath around the root called ___
Correct
In Ectomycorrhizae e fungal mycelium forms a dense sheath around the root called mantle. The hyphal network penetrates the intercellular spaces of the epidermis and cortex to form Hartig net. Example: Pisolithus tinctorius.
Incorrect
In Ectomycorrhizae e fungal mycelium forms a dense sheath around the root called mantle. The hyphal network penetrates the intercellular spaces of the epidermis and cortex to form Hartig net. Example: Pisolithus tinctorius.
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Question 195 of 200
195. Question
In Endomycorrhizae hyphae grows mainly inside the roots, penetrate the outer cortical cells of the plant root and small portion of the mycelium is found outside the root. This form is also called __
Correct
The hyphae grow mainly inside the roots, penetrate the outer cortical cells of the plant root. A small portion of the mycelium is found outside the root. This form is also called Vesicular Arbuscular Mycorrhizal fungi (VAM Fungi) due to the presence of Vesicle or arbuscle like haustoria. 1. Arbuscular mycorrhizae (AM) Example: Gigaspora 2. Ericoid mycorrhizae -Example: Oidiodendron 3. Orchid mycorrhizae -Example: Rhizoctonia.
Incorrect
The hyphae grow mainly inside the roots, penetrate the outer cortical cells of the plant root. A small portion of the mycelium is found outside the root. This form is also called Vesicular Arbuscular Mycorrhizal fungi (VAM Fungi) due to the presence of Vesicle or arbuscle like haustoria. 1. Arbuscular mycorrhizae (AM) Example: Gigaspora 2. Ericoid mycorrhizae -Example: Oidiodendron 3. Orchid mycorrhizae -Example: Rhizoctonia.
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Question 196 of 200
196. Question
The symbiotic association between algae and fungi is called ____
Correct
Incorrect
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Question 197 of 200
197. Question
In lichens the fungal partner is called ____
Correct
In lichen algal partner is called Phycobiont or Photobiont., and the fungal partner is called Mycobiont. Algae provide nutrition for fungal partner in turn fungi provide protection and also help to fix the thallus to the substratum through rhizinae. Asexual reproduction takes place through fragmentation, Soredia and Isidia. Phycobionts reproduce by akinetes, hormogonia, aplanospore etc., Mycobionts undergo sexual reproduction and produce ascocarps.
Incorrect
In lichen algal partner is called Phycobiont or Photobiont., and the fungal partner is called Mycobiont. Algae provide nutrition for fungal partner in turn fungi provide protection and also help to fix the thallus to the substratum through rhizinae. Asexual reproduction takes place through fragmentation, Soredia and Isidia. Phycobionts reproduce by akinetes, hormogonia, aplanospore etc., Mycobionts undergo sexual reproduction and produce ascocarps.
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Question 198 of 200
198. Question
Which among the following statement is correct regarding classification of lichens?
1) Based on the habitat lichens are classified into following types: Corticolous(on Bark) Lignicolous(on Wood) Saxicolous(on rocks) Terricolous(on ground) Marine(on siliceous rocks of sea) Fresh water(on siliceous rock of fresh water).
2) On the basis of morphology of the thallus they are divided into Leprose (a distinct fungal layer is absent) Crustose-crust like; Foliose-leaf like; Fruticose- branched pendulous shrub like.
3) The distribution of algal cells distinguishes lichens into three forms namely Homoiomerous, polymerous and Heteromerous (a distinct layer of algae and fungi present). If the fungal partner of lichen belongs to ascomycetes, it is called Cacylichen and if it is basidiomycetes, it is called Basidiolichen.Correct
The distribution of algal cells distinguishes lichens into two forms namely Homoiomerous (Algal cells evenly distributed in the thallus) and Heteromerous (a distinct layer of algae and fungi present). If the fungal partner of lichen belongs to ascomycetes, it is called Ascolichen and if it is basidiomycetes, it is called Basidiolichen.
Incorrect
The distribution of algal cells distinguishes lichens into two forms namely Homoiomerous (Algal cells evenly distributed in the thallus) and Heteromerous (a distinct layer of algae and fungi present). If the fungal partner of lichen belongs to ascomycetes, it is called Ascolichen and if it is basidiomycetes, it is called Basidiolichen.
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Question 199 of 200
199. Question
The dye present in litmus paper used as acid base indicator in the laboratories is obtained from which fungi?
Correct
The dye present in litmus paper used as acid base indicator in the laboratories is obtained from Roccella montagnei. Cladonia rangiferina (Reindeer mose) is used as food for animals living in Tundra regions.
Incorrect
The dye present in litmus paper used as acid base indicator in the laboratories is obtained from Roccella montagnei. Cladonia rangiferina (Reindeer mose) is used as food for animals living in Tundra regions.
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Question 200 of 200
200. Question
Which acid produced from lichens show antibiotic properties?
Correct
Lichens secrete organic acids like Oxalic acids which corrodes the rock surface and helps in weathering of rocks, thus acting as pioneers in Xerosere. Usnic acid produced from lichens show antibiotic properties. Lichens are sensitive to air pollutants especially to sulphur-di-oxide. Therefore, they are considered as pollution indicators.
Incorrect
Lichens secrete organic acids like Oxalic acids which corrodes the rock surface and helps in weathering of rocks, thus acting as pioneers in Xerosere. Usnic acid produced from lichens show antibiotic properties. Lichens are sensitive to air pollutants especially to sulphur-di-oxide. Therefore, they are considered as pollution indicators.
Leaderboard: Diversity of Living World 11th Science Lessons
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