Breeding and Biotechnology Online Test 10th Science Lesson 20 Questions in English

• India’s population is likely to reach 3.7 billion by 2050. Current rate of India’s food production will be able to meet only 39% of the country’s food demand at that time. How can India feed 1.7 billion people by 2050? This can be made possible by ‘Plant breeding’ and ‘Animal feeding’.
• Plant breeding is the art of developing economically important plants with superior quality. Animal husbandry involves the breeding of animals. It aims at improving the genotypes of animals to make them more useful to the welfare of mankind.
• Another breakthrough was the emergence of biotechnology as an entity of modern biology, which paved way to develop advanced healthcare products, diagnostic kits and food production to improve the quality of human life.

1. Und these conditions, human and animal health are to be determined by the nutritional quernutrition and protein malnutrition among human population is a major health problem which has been receiving much focus throughout the world. Apart, from humans it also affects the health of farm animals.
2. To combatality of the feed crops. The nutritional quality of crops depends on quality and quantity of nutrients. The nutritional quality may be improved with respect to its 1. Protein content and quality of protein 2. Oil content 3. Mineral content.

1. All the plants of a clone are similar both in genotype and phenotype. Selection of desirable clones from the mixed population of vegetatively propagated crop is called clonal selection.
2. In mass selection, Seeds of best plants showing various characters are collected from a mixed population. The collected seeds are allowed to raise the second generation. This process is carried out for three or four generations.
3. At the end, they will be multiplied and distributed to the farmers for cultivation. Some common examples for mass selection are groundnut varieties like TMV–2 and AK–10.

1. In Hybridization the cycle of crop raising and selection continues till the plants with the desired characters are finally obtained. The development of new varieties is a long-drawn process. Two main aspects of hybridization are to combine the characters of two plants in one plant and to utilize hybrid vigour.
2. A breed is a group of animals of common origin within a genus that has certain distinguishing characters that are not found in other members of the same genus like general appearance and others striking features. Breeding involves mating parents of different varieties each having some desired trait which are passed onto the offspring.

1. Inbreeding refers to the mating of closely related animals within the same breed for about 4-6 generations. Superior males and superior females of the same breed are identified and mated in pairs. It helps in the accumulation of superior genes and elimination of genes which are undesirable.
2. Outbreeding is the breeding of unrelated animals. The offspring’s formed are called hybrids. The hybrids are stronger and vigorous than their parents. Cross between two different species with desirable features of economic value are mated.

In which country Eli lilly and company in 1979 first started commercial production of human insulin by using rDNA technology?

1. The human genome has 1.5 billion base pairs. Did you know that the DNA pattern of two individuals cannot be same including their identical twins. Each person’s DNA sequence is unique due to the small difference in the base pairs. Therefore, if we want to compare the genetic difference among the two individuals, DNA fingerprinting is the easier and quicker method.
2. The technique analyses each individual’s unique DNA sequences and provides distinctive characteristics of individual which helps in identification. Variable number of tandem repeat sequences (VNTRs) serve as molecular markers for identification.