Poverty and Unemployment

  1. What are the major problem of development of a country?

Two major problems that the developing countries of the world face are mass poverty and mass unemployment.
  1. Define poverty?

Poverty has been defined in a number of ways. The World Bank (1990) has defined poverty as “the inability to attain a minimal standard of living”.

  1. What are the types of poverty?
  1. What is absolute poverty?

When people do not have adequate food, clothing and shelter, we say they are in absolute poverty.

  1. What is relative poverty?

Relative poverty refers to differences in income among different classes of people or people within the same group or among people of different countries.

  1. What is temporary poverty?

In countries like India, when there is poor rainfall, the crops fail and the farmers temporarily enter into a poverty sample. But when they are poor for long, then we call it chronic or structural poverty. For example, when agriculturists in many poor countries are dependent upon rain and when agriculture is marked by low productivity, we say farmers are in chronic poverty.
  1. What is primary poverty?

Primary poverty refers to “families whose total earnings are insufficient to obtain the minimum necessities for the maintenance of merely physical efficiency”.

  1. What is secondary poverty?

“Secondary poverty refers to a condition in which earnings would be sufficient for the maintenance for merely physical efficiency were it not that some portion of it is absorbed by other expenditure, either useful or wasteful such as drink, gambling and inefficient housekeeping.”

  1. What is rural poverty?

A majority of the people in rural areas are poor because they do not own assets like land and they work as agricultural labourers; their wages are low and they get work only for a few months in a year.

  1. What is urban poverty?

The urban poor, on the other hand, work for long hours but they get low incomes. They are employed mostly in the unorganized or informal sector

  1. Who are sub employed?

Sub-employed are those

1) Who work part- time but want full – time work;

2) Family heads working full time who do not earn enough to bring their families over the poverty line and

3) Discouraged workers who no longer seek work.

  1. What is the factor for extending poverty?

(1) The average level of national income and

(2) The degree of inequality in its distribution.

  1. What is correlated with poverty?

In many countries, poverty is correlated with caste and race. The scheduled caste and tribal people in India and the Blacks in the USA are classic examples

  1. What is poverty line?

Poverty Line refers to the minimum income, consumption, or, more generally access to goods and services below which individuals are considered to be poor. The poverty line is the expenditure level at which a minimum calorie intake and indispensable non-food purchases are assured.

  1. How is poverty in India calculated?

Dandekar and Rath estimated the value of the diet with 2,250 calories as the desired minimum level of consumption.

While the Planning Commission accepted Rs.20/- per capita per month (i.e. Rs.240/- p.a.),

ccording to P.D.Ojha, the percentage of those below the poverty line in rural sector increased from 52 percent in 1960-61 to 70 percent in 1967- 68.

B.S.Minhas by taking per capita annual consumption expenditure of Rs.240/- as the barest minimum concluded that nearly half of the rural population (50.6 percent) was living below the poverty line in 1968.

P.K.Bardhan’s study concluded that the percentage of rural population below the poverty line increased from 38 percent in 1960-61 to 54 percent in 1968-69.

  1. Which commission used the concept of augumented poverty line?

7th finance commission

  1. What are the causes of poverty?

18. Discuss some poverty alleviation programmes?

19. What is full employment?

Full employment refers to a situation in which all the workers who are capable of working and willing to work get an employment at reasonable wages. It does not imply that all adults have jobs.

  1. What is unemployment?

Unemployment refers to a situation in which the workers who are capable of working and willing to work do not get employment.

  1. What is the criteria for employed?

A person working 8 hours a day for 73 days of the year is regarded as employed on a standard person year basis.

  1. How is unemployment estimated?

23. What are causes of unemployment?

24. What are the measures to solve unemployment?

Related Articles
↑
Exit mobile version