Health and Hygiene Online Test 7th Science Lesson 6 Questions in English

Explanation

Hygiene refers to the good habits and their practices which is followed to prevent diseases, maintain good health, especially through cleanliness, consumption of safe drinking water and  properdisposal of sewage. It refers to all those activities that are done for improving and maintaining good health and sound mind.

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Colds and the flu are common communicable diseases. It is caused not only by bacteria but also by virus.

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When you have cold and flu, you may also have running nose, cough, sore throat, and sometimes fever or pain in the joints. For some, this condition may also lead to mild diarrhoea.

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Personal hygiene is defined as “the branch of health which is concerned with the individual’s adjustment to the physiological needs of the body and mind for the attainment of the maximum level of health, it also refers to the cleaning and grooming of the body.

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Secretions oozing out from the nose may contains the bacteria or virus. When the patient touch the nose and some other object or someone else the virus is transferred. When the patient sneezes or coughs the virus comes out with the droplets and become airborne.

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Used water from houses should not be let out into open drains or open areas.

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Dengue is spread by mosquitoes of Aedes aegypti caused by DEN-1, 2 viruses belonging to the type- flavivirus. It decreases counting of the blood platelets of human blood and it has a maximum flight range of 50–100 meters in and around the places.

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The human body systems work well with proper maintenance and guidance. For smooth functioning, all the parts of the body should work in unison. The digestive system, circulatory and muscular system is the core systems that should be in synchronization and functioning well. So keep them well by proper care.

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Good oral hygiene implies sound teeth and healthy gums with healthy surrounding tissues. The physical act of chewing food promotes saliva and gastric secretions which helps digestion. The act of chewing and tasting is called ‘mastication’. It gives pleasure and emotional satisfaction of eating food.

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When you Floss, it will remove food particles, plaque, and bacteria which build up between your teeth. When you start flossing, your gums may bleed a little bit, but after few days that will be stopped. It should be started only with proper medical guidance.

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Bleeding gums is caused by Vitamin C deficiency. Remedial measures are eating citrus fruits.

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Tooth decay is caused by Bacteria in plaque. Bacteria produce acids. Brushing and flossing the teeth can prevent decay are remedial measures.

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Periodontitis is caused by Tobacco chewing. It is severe form of gum disease ruin the bones, gums, and other tissues. Remedies for Periodontitis is chewing type of tobacco should be avoided. Eat a well-balanced diet

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Eyes are an important organ of our body. Th ey are considered as “windows to the world”.

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Eyesight is the most important sense. 80% of what we perceive comes through the sense of sight. The protection of the eyes, can reduce the odds of blindness and vision loss. we protection of our eye from the diseases, surroundings, climate condition.

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Conjunctivitis (Pink eye) is caused by a virus and bacteria. One or both eyes can be affected. Highly contagious; can be spread by contamination and sneezing. Antibiotic eye drops or ointments, home remedy.

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Night Blindness is caused by a lack of vitamin A, a disorder of the cells in your retina. It makes hard to see well at night or in poor light. Eat foods rich in antioxidant, vitamins and minerals as remedies.

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Colour blindness is caused by genetic condition. Difficulty distinguishing between colours and Inability to see shades or tones of the same colour. There is no known cure for colour blindness. Contact lenses and glasses with filters.

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A disease is the functional or physical change from a normal state that affects the health of a person by causing disability or discomfort.

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The following are reasons that could leads to the development of disease in an individual. 1. Infection caused by disease-causing microbes, 2. Lack of balanced diet, 3. Poor lifestyle and unhealthy habits and 4. Malfunctioning of one or more body parts or organs.

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The prevention and treatment of sickness can be considered in two groups for their better understanding. They are, communicable and non-communicable disease.

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Communicable diseases are those that spread from one person to another. Healthy persons must be protected from people with communicable diseases. Diseases spread through contaminated air, water, food or vectors (insects and other animals). Anaemia is a non-communicable disease.

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The communicable disease (like tuberculosis, Cholera and Typhoid), which are caused by microbes and spread through air, water and some other organisms also.

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Tuberculosis is caused by Mycobacterium tuberculae and spreads from one person to another person through air by spitting and prolonged contact with sharing materials of the patient.

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Thes symptoms of Tuberculosis are fever, weight loss, chronic cough, bloody spitting and difficulty in breathing.

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BCG vaccine is used against tuberculosis. Giving special attention to the patient and Regular medication like DOT are treatment.

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Cholera is caused by Vibrio cholera and spread through the consumption contaminated food or water.

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The symptoms of Cholera are Vomiting, severe diarrhoea and cramps in legs.

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Prevention and treatment 1. Good hygienic practices like, washing hands before eating. 2. Avoid eating uncovered food from street vendors, 3. Drinking boiled water and 4. Getting Vaccination against cholera.

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Typhoid is caused by Salmonella typhi and spreads by contaminated food and water.

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The symptoms are Anorexia, headache, rashes on abdomen, dysentery and high fever up to 1040 F. The prevention and treatment are Drinking boiled clean water, Proper disposal of sewage and Vaccination.

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Viral diseases are extremely widespread infections caused by many types of viruses. In this lesson you will learn about some disease caused by viruses like, Hepatitis, Chickenpox and Rabies.

Explanation

Hepatitis is one of the most dangerous and fatal diseases caused by Hepatitis virus A, B, C, D, E. Its mode of transmission is Contaminated water, sharing of needles and blood transfusion. The symptoms of hepatitis are loss of appetite (Anorexia), vomiting, eyes and urine in yellow colour.

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Chickenpox (chicken pox), also known as varicella, is a highly contagious infection caused by the varicella zoster virus. This disease spreads through air and contact with an infected person.

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Chickenpox symptoms is appearance of rashes on the whole body, fever, headache and tiredness. The chickenpox (varicella) vaccine is the best way to prevent chickenpox. Special attention should be given to the infected persons.

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Rabies is a fatal disease. Which is transmitted by the bite of the infected dog, rabbit, monkey, cat etc. The virus present in the saliva of dog enters the brain via neurons.

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The symptoms of rabies are hydrophobia (extreme fear for water), fever for 2 – 12 weeks and exaggerations in behaviour.

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After an animal is bitten it usually takes two to twelve weeks to shows any symptoms and it may take as long as two years also.

Explanation

Non-Communicable diseases do not spread from person to person. They are caused by other factors. Therefore, it is important to know which sickness are communicable and which are not. They are never caused by germs, bacteria, or other living organisms that infect the body. Antibiotics, or medicines that fight against germs do not help to cure noncommunicable diseases.

Explanation

Problems caused by wearing out of body parts are Rheumatism, heart attack, epileptic seizures, stroke, migraine headache. Cataract and cancer.

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Problems caused by a lack of trace elements in the body are Anemia, pellagra, night blindness and xerophthalmia, goitre and hypothyroidism.

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Problems caused by external harmful agents entering the body are Allergies, asthma, poisons, snakebite, cough from smoking, stomach ulcer, alcoholism. Nutritious food is needed for a person to grow well, work hard, and stay healthy. Many common sicknesses are caused by malnutrition.

Explanation

Leucoderma is a non – communicable diseases caused by partial or total loss of pigmentation in the skin. (melanin pigment). This condition affects any age, gender and ethnicity. There is no cure. It does not spread by touching, sharing food and sitting together.

Explanation

Anaemia is caused by eating food with less iron content and can also cause due to feeding some other foods instead of breast milk

Explanation

Severe anaemia in children may leads to hookworm infection, chronic diarrhoea and dysentery. In recent day school going children, especially the girls are affected by anaemia. The Government of Tamil Nadu provides weekly iron folic tablets to all the girls in the schools of all areas.

Explanation

The signs of anaemia are: 1. Pale or transparent skin, the inner surface of eye lids are pale, white fingernails, pale gums, weakness and fatigue,2. In severe cases, face and feet may be swollen, the heartbeat is rapid and with shortness of breath,3. Children and women who eats mud are usually anaemic.

Explanation

Food – Moringa leaves, Dates, Liver (Sheep and Chicken), Green, green leafy vegetables like beans, peas, lentils and Greed banana.

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Pills that contain iron are Cod liver oil tablet, Ferrous sulphate. As a general rule, iron supplements should be given orally, not to be injected, because it leads to dangerous.

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First aid is the immediate treatment given to the victim of trauma or sudden illness before medical help is made available. The first aid is 1. To save the life 2. To prevent further bleeding and determine the condition of the patient 3. To relieve the pain and 4. To provide a medical care available at the earliest.

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The tissue damage caused by heat, chemical, electricity, sunlight or nuclear radiation is known as Burns. Mostly burns are caused by scalds, building fires, flammable liquid and gases.

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There are three types of burns, according to degree of burning.

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First-degree burns affect only the outer layer (called the epidermis) of the skin.

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Second-degree burns damage the epidermis and the layer beneath it (called the dermis). Third- degree burns involve damage or complete destruction of the skin to its full depth and damage to underlying tissues also. People who experience such burns often require skin grafting.

Explanation

In case of minor burns, the affected area should be washed with cold water and an antiseptic cream should be applied. In case of severe burns, where deeper layers of tissues get destroyed and blisters appear, use of water should be avoided. The burnt area should be covered with a clean non- sticking cloth or bandages. Larger burns need immediate medical attention.

Explanation

Penicillin is known as queen of medicine.

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Alexander Fleming discovered Penicillin. The world’s first antibiotic penicillin was discovered in 1928.

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Penicillin cured Pneumonia, Diphtheria and infected wounds. Alexander saved the life of many soldiers and prevented the communicable disease by using penicillin. later, penicillin is used as the universal antibiotic. The discovery of Alexander is known as the ‘Queen of Medicines’ as it provided great benefits in the field of medicine.

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Alexander Fleming did his school education at St. Mary’s school in London. As he was very much interested in studying medicine at the age of 20, he joined medical course at St. Mary’s Medical College and Hospital with the help of his uncle.

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In the first world war, soldiers were wounded heavily and hence many were infected with contagious diseases. He was appointed the Chairman of the Medical Board for military soldiers.

Explanation

Penicillin produced by the fungus Penicillium notatum destroyed the bacteria.